I’m not going to say I don’t share deep disquiet about where AI is taking us, setting aside existential risk. One thing that gives me hope, however, is seeing what has happened in chess. The doom mongers might have predicted, with the advent of StockFish and AlphaZero, that human interest in chess would greatly diminish, because, after all, what is the point when the machines are so much better than the world champion ( world champion ELO ~2800, StockFish ELO ~4000) . But this hasn’t happened, chess is thriving and the games of the best human players are widely streamed and analysed and their brilliancies greatly admired. The machines have actually been of great benefit. They have, for instance demonstrated that the classical swashbuckling 19th century style of chess, replete with strategic sacrifices that lead to beautiful attacks, is a valid way to play, because they often play that way themselves. This style of play was for a long period overshadowed by a preference for the more stifling positional chess, the gaining of small advantages. The machines also provide instant feedback in analysis on what is ground truth, whether a particular move is good, bad or neutral. This too has augmented the chess players enjoyment of the game rather than reduced It.
Maybe we can hope that the same situation will apply in other fields of human endeavour.
Useful post. I can expand on one point and make a minor correction. Single Particle Cryo-EM is indeed a new(ish) powerful method of protein structure elucidation starting to make an impact in drug design. It is especially useful when a protein cannot easily be crystallised to allow more straightforward X-Ray structure determination. This is usually the case with transmembrane proteins for example. However it is actually best if the protein molecules are completely unaligned in any preferred direction as the simplest application of the refinement software assumes a perfectly random 3D orientation of the many thousands of protein copies imaged on the grid. In practice this is not so easy to achieve and corrections for unwanted preferred orientation need to be made.