Some thoughts as someone who has been eating plant-based for the past year and who thinks about the ethics constantly for fun:
I know someone on a mostly-beef diet who will probably develop health issues if they stay on a diet with plant-based food other than fruit for too long.
Beef seems to be less bad from an animal welfare perspective than most meats, at least in farms in Australia. I would probably still pay a premium for extra-ethical beef if I stopped eating . Dairy is probably bad everywhere except India.
Kangaroo meat seems like a clear-cut example of a “vegan meat” in practice. The Australian government sets quotas for culling them (they are overpopulated in deforested areas), very precise sharpshooters shoot them in the head, and some of the meat from culled kangaroos is sold. Demand for kangaroo meat has no effect on quotas. There is no counterfactual animal harm from buying kangaroo meat. Kangaroo suffering (and negative externalities in general) resulting from culling is very low at any rate, save for the occasional accidental killing of a mother kangaroo. I’ve had kangaroo meat maybe five or six times since going vegan, usually either to deal with the odd craving, to signal to family that I’m not a purist, or because someone had cooked it or a restaurant had it on a menu.
Avoiding honey/oysters seems like it has less impact than it’s worth for the time I’ve spent pondering the subject.
You’re right that wild-caught fish are not necessarily humanely treated. The ikejime process for killing fish is very humane compared to the cheaper and more suffocation method, but I’ve never seen fish advertised as ikejime (and they are probably an order of magnitude more expensive).
Social pressures in either direction are a thing. The time I spend with different groups of friends has changed since I went vegan, even though nobody has really objected to it. My flatmate reduced their meat intake significantly almost immediately after I went vegan, but they still eat meat when going out to restaurants with others. People seem to care about food a lot. People also seem to take cues from those around them.
If eating vegan had noticeably worsened my health or my concentration, I would have stopped, because I can probably do more net good in the world without those problems even if I had to eat the flesh of sentient creatures. Eating vegan and spending your time on other things are not orthogonal for everyone.
If you rely on evolutionary heuristics for diet you’re probably not going to be vegan, especially since we know B12 is a thing that’s difficult to get without animal products, and there could be other things you aren’t getting. I’m not really worried about this since I don’t see many short term issues for myself, the medium-term issues seem to be more reliably mitigated against now, and if anything I’ve heard that it helps longevity.
Vegans trying to gain muscle for whatever reason aren’t necessarily going to have a hard time as long as they remember to eat protein at all. Vegans trying to cut (lose fat without losing too much muscle) are probably going to not have quite the same success if they were an omnivore or otherwise have a very boring time with the food they eat (unless they eat kangaroo).
I seem to need to eat more to actually have enough energy if I’m not eating eggs/meat. It’s more expensive if you don’t like cooking, but the extra fibre is usually a good thing.
I’d say that not eating animal products seems like the correct choice if you can pull it off without too much trouble. It probably makes more and more sense the older you get. If you can afford to change your diet but not exclude animal products entirely, consider eating kangaroo if your country doesn’t ban its import. Consider eating kangaroo anyway.
Hello, u/Adhiraj and I independently did some research and the only good source of methionine we found is brazil nuts, which of course you probably don’t want to eat much of since they can give you selenium poisoning.
The conventional wisdom is to just eat more protein to compensate for the poor amino acid balance, but you’re going to be eating a lot, so I prefer to supplement methionine.
I have adding methionine in meals I cook and adding it to the plant based protein powder I use, precisely measuring how much I add. You can get individual amino acid supplements from iHerb and some larger health food shops.
Some sources of vegan protein go much much farther doing this (e.g. red lentils). I tend to eat soy TVP which goes somewhat further with methionine supplementation.
I also have a pure EAA protein powder which is entirely fermented and have a balanced amino acid profile. These are generally very poorly marketed supplements but they are widely available.
There’s no need to add it to your food rather than mix it in a drink, other than you probably want to get all your amino acids around the same time, and it helps if you’re doing meal prep and you don’t need to work out how much to supplement every time you go to eat.
There is apparently research suggesting that too much methionine can increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. I’m not going to go into that, but it makes sense to err on the side of not over-supplementing methionine.
We have been use this tool to help work out the amount of methionine we need to supplement, but it’s not a pleasant user experience: https://tools.myfooddata.com/protein-calculator
This is just my quick answer from memory, I may do a full writeup later.