This is exciting and interesting stuff. A good one-sentence summary from the paper:
In sum, many experiences, particularly the more or less unpleasant sensations discussed here (e.g., effort, boredom, fatigue), can be profitably thought of as resulting from (1) monitoring mechanisms that tally opportunity costs, which (2) cause an aversive state that corresponds in magnitude to the cost computed, which (3) enters into decision-making, acting as a kind of “vote,” influencing the decision ultimately taken.
I’m trying to get my head around ways I could use this to sustain better and longer levels of focus, reduce boredom, etc. Two questions come to mind, that as far as I can tell have not been investigated in detail yet, and to which I don’t have answers:
What, exactly, are the sorts of things my brain decides are more important than what I’m currently doing? Is it things like “I’m not signaling the right things to the people around me”, “need food”, etc.?
What are good ways to “reset” my internal monitoring mechanisms and thus return to a non-aversive state? I presume the answer is some kind of reward or positive feedback?
Basically, is it possible to trick this internal cost-benefit analysis into being focused for long periods of time?
Hmm, not sure why that’s happening. I’ll look into it.