Certain patterns of behavior at the insula correlate with disgust. But we don’t know whether they’re sufficient for disgust, nor do we know which modifications within or outside of the insula change the conscious character of disgust. There are lots of problems with identity claims at this stage, so I’ll just raise one: For all we know, activation patterns in a given brain region correlate with disgust because disgust is experienced when that brain region inhibits another part of the brain; an experience could consist, in context, in the absence of a certain kind of brain activity.
When we hypnotize people to make them disgusted by benign things, I haven’t seen any mention that the disgust has a different introspective flavor
Hypnosis data is especially difficult to evaluate, because it isn’t clear (a) how reliable people’s self-reports about introspection are while under hypnosis; nor (b) how reliable people’s memories-of-hypnosis are afterward. Some ‘dissociative’ people even give contradictory phenomenological reports while under hypnosis.
That said, if you know of any studies suggesting that the disgust doesn’t have at all a different character, I’d be very interested to see them!
If you think my claim isn’t modest and fairly obvious, then it might be that you aren’t understanding my claim. Redness feels at least a little bit bloodish. Greenness feels at least a little bit foresty. If we made a clone who sees evergreen forests as everred and blood as green, then their experience of greenness and redness would be partly the same, but it wouldn’t be completely the same, because that overtone of bloodiness would remain in the background of a variety of green experiences, and that woodsy overtone would remain in the background of a variety of red experiences.
If you think my claim isn’t modest and fairly obvious, then it might be that you aren’t understanding my claim.
I’m differentiating between “red evokes blood” and “red feels bloody,” because those seem like different things to me. The former deals with memory and association, and the second deals with introspection, and so I agree that the same introspective sensation could evoke very different memories.
The dynamics of introspective sensations could plausibly vary between people, and so I’m reluctant to discuss it extensively except in the context of object-level comparisons.
I’m not sure exactly what you mean by “red evokes blood.” I agree that “red feels bloody” is intuitively distinct from “I tend to think explicitly about blood when I start thinking about redness,” though the two are causally related. Certain shades of green to me feel fresh, clean, ‘naturey;’ certain shades of red to me feel violent, hot, glaring; certain shades of blue feel cool; etc. My suggestion is that these qualia, which are part of the feeling of the colors themselves for most humans, would be experientially different even when decontextualized if we’d gone through life perceiving forests as blue, oceans as red, campfires as green, etc. By analogy, the feeling of ‘virtue’ may be partly independent of which things we think of under the concept ‘virtuous;’ but it isn’t completely independent of those things.
Certain shades of green to me feel fresh, clean, ‘naturey;’ certain shades of red to me feel violent, hot, glaring; certain shades of blue feel cool; etc.
I am aware that many humans have this sort of classification of colors, and have learned it because of its value in communication, but as far as I can tell this isn’t a significant part of my mental experience. A dark green might make it easier for me to think of leaves or forests, but I don’t have any experiences that I would describe as feeling ‘naturey’. If oceans and forests swapped colors, I imagine that seeing the same dark green would make it easier for me to think of waves and water, but I think my introspective experience would be the same.
If I can simplify your claim a bit, it sounds like if both oceans and forests were dark green, then seeing dark green would make you think of leaves and waves / feel associated feelings, and that this ensemble would be different from your current sensation of ocean blue or forest green. It seems sensible to me that the ensembles are different because they have different elements.
I’m happier with modeling that as perceptual bleedover- because forests and green are heavily linked, even forests that aren’t green are linked to green, and greens that aren’t on leaves are linked with forests- than I am modeling that as an atom of consciousness- the sensation of foresty greens- but if your purposes are different, a different model may be more suitable.
Part of the problem may be that I’m not so sure I have a distinct, empirically robust idea of an ‘atom of consciousness.’ I took for granted your distinction between ‘evoking blood’ and ‘feeling bloody,’ but in practice these two ideas blend together a great deal. Some ideas—phonological and musical ones, for example—are instantiated in memory by certain temporal sequences and patterns of association. From my armchair, I’m not sure how much my idea of green (or goodness, or clippiness) is what it is in virtue of its temporal and associative dispositions, too. And I don’t know if Eliezer is any less confused than I.
Certain patterns of behavior at the insula correlate with disgust. But we don’t know whether they’re sufficient for disgust, nor do we know which modifications within or outside of the insula change the conscious character of disgust. There are lots of problems with identity claims at this stage, so I’ll just raise one: For all we know, activation patterns in a given brain region correlate with disgust because disgust is experienced when that brain region inhibits another part of the brain; an experience could consist, in context, in the absence of a certain kind of brain activity.
Hypnosis data is especially difficult to evaluate, because it isn’t clear (a) how reliable people’s self-reports about introspection are while under hypnosis; nor (b) how reliable people’s memories-of-hypnosis are afterward. Some ‘dissociative’ people even give contradictory phenomenological reports while under hypnosis.
That said, if you know of any studies suggesting that the disgust doesn’t have at all a different character, I’d be very interested to see them!
If you think my claim isn’t modest and fairly obvious, then it might be that you aren’t understanding my claim. Redness feels at least a little bit bloodish. Greenness feels at least a little bit foresty. If we made a clone who sees evergreen forests as everred and blood as green, then their experience of greenness and redness would be partly the same, but it wouldn’t be completely the same, because that overtone of bloodiness would remain in the background of a variety of green experiences, and that woodsy overtone would remain in the background of a variety of red experiences.
I’m differentiating between “red evokes blood” and “red feels bloody,” because those seem like different things to me. The former deals with memory and association, and the second deals with introspection, and so I agree that the same introspective sensation could evoke very different memories.
The dynamics of introspective sensations could plausibly vary between people, and so I’m reluctant to discuss it extensively except in the context of object-level comparisons.
I’m not sure exactly what you mean by “red evokes blood.” I agree that “red feels bloody” is intuitively distinct from “I tend to think explicitly about blood when I start thinking about redness,” though the two are causally related. Certain shades of green to me feel fresh, clean, ‘naturey;’ certain shades of red to me feel violent, hot, glaring; certain shades of blue feel cool; etc. My suggestion is that these qualia, which are part of the feeling of the colors themselves for most humans, would be experientially different even when decontextualized if we’d gone through life perceiving forests as blue, oceans as red, campfires as green, etc. By analogy, the feeling of ‘virtue’ may be partly independent of which things we think of under the concept ‘virtuous;’ but it isn’t completely independent of those things.
I am aware that many humans have this sort of classification of colors, and have learned it because of its value in communication, but as far as I can tell this isn’t a significant part of my mental experience. A dark green might make it easier for me to think of leaves or forests, but I don’t have any experiences that I would describe as feeling ‘naturey’. If oceans and forests swapped colors, I imagine that seeing the same dark green would make it easier for me to think of waves and water, but I think my introspective experience would be the same.
If I can simplify your claim a bit, it sounds like if both oceans and forests were dark green, then seeing dark green would make you think of leaves and waves / feel associated feelings, and that this ensemble would be different from your current sensation of ocean blue or forest green. It seems sensible to me that the ensembles are different because they have different elements.
I’m happier with modeling that as perceptual bleedover- because forests and green are heavily linked, even forests that aren’t green are linked to green, and greens that aren’t on leaves are linked with forests- than I am modeling that as an atom of consciousness- the sensation of foresty greens- but if your purposes are different, a different model may be more suitable.
Part of the problem may be that I’m not so sure I have a distinct, empirically robust idea of an ‘atom of consciousness.’ I took for granted your distinction between ‘evoking blood’ and ‘feeling bloody,’ but in practice these two ideas blend together a great deal. Some ideas—phonological and musical ones, for example—are instantiated in memory by certain temporal sequences and patterns of association. From my armchair, I’m not sure how much my idea of green (or goodness, or clippiness) is what it is in virtue of its temporal and associative dispositions, too. And I don’t know if Eliezer is any less confused than I.