For #1, you could call them something like “usefully bad policies.”
For #2, it sounds like the first step in the scientific method. My only other suggestion would be just to find other interested minds (like on LessWrong) to discuss the pattern and to collaborate on forming a new mental model and label. Someone else may already be more predisposed to thinking with a mental model that predicts or explains the phenomenon, so they could help get you to a clear conceptual anchor more quickly.
For #1, you could call them something like “usefully bad policies.”
For #2, it sounds like the first step in the scientific method. My only other suggestion would be just to find other interested minds (like on LessWrong) to discuss the pattern and to collaborate on forming a new mental model and label. Someone else may already be more predisposed to thinking with a mental model that predicts or explains the phenomenon, so they could help get you to a clear conceptual anchor more quickly.