Yes, they can, and quite sophisticatedly too—think examples like vampire bats engaging in long-term reciprocity in food exchanges, while paying attention to who welshes on requests and how much food they have to spare to barf up.
I mean between species, it seems reasonable to assume both we and the bat can’t understand each other’s values, even if we can understand those of our own species.
I mean between species, it seems reasonable to assume both we and the bat can’t understand each other’s values, even if we can understand those of our own species.