Late comment but I recently posted how human values arise naturally by the brain learning to keep its body healthy in the ancestral environment by a process that could be simplified like this:
First, the brain learns how the body functions. The brain then figures out that the body works better if senses and reflexes are coordinated. Noticing patterns and successful movement and action feels good.
Then the brain discovers the abstraction of interests and desires and that the body works better (gets the nutrients and rest that it needs) if interests and desires are followed. Following your wants feels rewarding.
Then the brain notices personal relationships and that interests and wants are better satisfied if relationships are cultivated (the win-win from cooperation). Having a good relationship feels good, and the thought of the loss of a relationship feels painful.
The brain then discovers the commonalities of expectations within groups—group norms and values—and that relationships are easier to maintain and have less conflict if a stable and predictable identity is presented to other people. Adhering to group norms and having stable values feels rewarding.
These natural learning processes are supported by language and culture by naming, and suggestion behaviors make some variants more salient and thus more likely to arrive—but humans would pick up on the principles even without a pre-existing society—and that is what actually happens in certain randomly assembled societies.
Late comment but I recently posted how human values arise naturally by the brain learning to keep its body healthy in the ancestral environment by a process that could be simplified like this:
These natural learning processes are supported by language and culture by naming, and suggestion behaviors make some variants more salient and thus more likely to arrive—but humans would pick up on the principles even without a pre-existing society—and that is what actually happens in certain randomly assembled societies.
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/Di4bFP7kjoLEQLpQd/what-s-the-relationship-between-human-values-and-the-brain-s?commentId=Qh3MsAvqFemXMcYcz
This describes convergent value system of any mind, not only human one. So there is nothing specially human in it.
Correct.
The human aspect results from
the structure of the needs of the body and its low-level regulation (food, temperature, but also reproductive drives), and
the structure of the environment—how many other humans there are, how and where resources can be acquired.