Good question; I’ll find out. Malacca at least was a city-state, so the Portuguese attack was an existential threat.
...which also means that they didn’t have an empire to back them up?
Yes. Distinguishing between not having an empire and not being willing to fight all-out, they suffered from the first problem, whereas (perhaps, we shall see) the other port cities suffered from the second.
(this is, obviously, very speculative ^_^ )
Good question; I’ll find out. Malacca at least was a city-state, so the Portuguese attack was an existential threat.
...which also means that they didn’t have an empire to back them up?
Yes. Distinguishing between not having an empire and not being willing to fight all-out, they suffered from the first problem, whereas (perhaps, we shall see) the other port cities suffered from the second.
(this is, obviously, very speculative ^_^ )