If you burn coal next to iron, it will refine it. You could predict this with oxygen (oxygen is moving from the iron to the coal) or with phlogiston (phlogiston is moving from the coal to the iron).
In this specific example and at that level of precision, yes; but only one of these models can be (easily) refined to make precise, correct quantitative predictions. Even at that qualitative level, though, they make different predictions about burning things in vacuum or in non-oxygen atmospheres.
In this specific example and at that level of precision, yes; but only one of these models can be (easily) refined to make precise, correct quantitative predictions. Even at that qualitative level, though, they make different predictions about burning things in vacuum or in non-oxygen atmospheres.