I mean, if moral realism was correct, i.e. if moral tenets such as “don’t eat pork”, “don’t have sex with your sister”, or “avoid killing sentient beings” had an universal truth value for all beings capable of moral behavior, then one might argue that the reason why people’s ethics differ is that they have trapped priors which prevent them from recognizing these universal truths.
This might be my trapped priors talking, but I am a non-cognitivist. I simply believe that assigning truth values to moral sentences such as “killing is wrong” is pointless, and they are better parsed as prescriptive sentences such as “don’t kill” or “boo on killing”.
In my view, moral codes are intrinsically subjective. There is no factual disagreement between Harry and Professor Quirrell which they could hope to overcome through empiricism, they simply have different utility functions.
I don’t claim to be a moral realist or any other -ist that we currently have words for. I do follow the Buddha’s teachings on morals and ethics. So I will share from that perspective, which I have reason to believe to be true and beneficial to take on, for anyone interested in becoming more ethical, wise, and kind.
“Don’t eat pork” is something I’d call an ethical rule, set for a specific time and place, which is a valid manifestation of morality.
“Avoiding killing” and “Avoid stealing” (etc) are held, in Buddhism, as “ethical precepts.” They aren’t rules, but they’re like…
a) Each precept is a game in and of itself with many levels
b) It is generally considered good to use this life and future lives to deepen one’s practice of each of the precepts (to take on the huge mission of perfecting our choices to be more in alignment with the real thing these statements are pointing at). It’s also friendly to help others do the same.
c) It’s not about being a stickler to the letter of the law. The deeper you investigate each precept, you actually have to let go of your ideas of what it means to “be doing it right.” It’s not about getting fixated on rules, heuristics, or norms. There’s something more real and true being pointed to that cannot be predicted, pre-determined, etc.
Moral codes are not intrinsically subjective. But I would also not make claims about them being objective. We are caught in a sinkhole dichotomy between subjectivity and objectivity. Western thinking needs to find a way out of this. Too many philosophical discussions get stuck on these concepts. They’re useful to a degree, but we need to be able to discard them when they become useless.
“Killing is wrong” is a true statement. It’s not subjectively true; it’s not objectively true. It’s true in a sense that doesn’t neatly fit into either of those categories.
I don’t claim to be a moral realist or any other -ist that we currently have words for. I do follow the Buddha’s teachings on morals and ethics. So I will share from that perspective, which I have reason to believe to be true and beneficial to take on, for anyone interested in becoming more ethical, wise, and kind.
“Don’t eat pork” is something I’d call an ethical rule, set for a specific time and place, which is a valid manifestation of morality.
“Avoiding killing” and “Avoid stealing” (etc) are held, in Buddhism, as “ethical precepts.” They aren’t rules, but they’re like…
a) Each precept is a game in and of itself with many levels
b) It is generally considered good to use this life and future lives to deepen one’s practice of each of the precepts (to take on the huge mission of perfecting our choices to be more in alignment with the real thing these statements are pointing at). It’s also friendly to help others do the same.
c) It’s not about being a stickler to the letter of the law. The deeper you investigate each precept, you actually have to let go of your ideas of what it means to “be doing it right.” It’s not about getting fixated on rules, heuristics, or norms. There’s something more real and true being pointed to that cannot be predicted, pre-determined, etc.
Moral codes are not intrinsically subjective. But I would also not make claims about them being objective. We are caught in a sinkhole dichotomy between subjectivity and objectivity. Western thinking needs to find a way out of this. Too many philosophical discussions get stuck on these concepts. They’re useful to a degree, but we need to be able to discard them when they become useless.
“Killing is wrong” is a true statement. It’s not subjectively true; it’s not objectively true. It’s true in a sense that doesn’t neatly fit into either of those categories.