Aside from firearms in the US, the big methods of suicide are hanging/strangulation, drowning, poison, and fall from heights. Of these, poisoning and falling seem limited in the EEA depending on where you live. Although I have no idea how common poisonous plants were.
However, given that there existed wild animals, zero medical treatment, low population density, and little rescue capability, I assume that it would be significantly easier to commit suicide back then than today.
That’s the only one of those factors that can kill you directly. Are there any recorded cases of people committing suicide by letting wild animals rip them apart? My guess is that it would take a lot of willpower to overcome one’s fight-or-flight instinct, and I doubt that extremely depressed people have that kind of willpower. (Consider the story in this article about a guy who was unwilling to cross a car-filled street to jump off a bridge, and all the bits about people who realized they didn’t want to die right after beginning the process of committing suicide… to me, this suggests that letting a wild animal slay you would be unlikely to work.)
Cutting/starving oneself seem both more plausible and substantially less deadly. Personally, I suspect that neither was all that common, and desire to kill oneself is a manifestation of an extreme submission move. (Consider that extremely depressed people frequently seem to think they are worthless, no one cares about them, and they have nothing to offer others. If I’m not pulling my weight and I have no friends and everyone in my tribe knows it, it’s hardly a good idea for me to lord it over them and act high status… much better to make it absolutely clear that I know my place.)
Regarding your traffic example, there’s a striking difference in the behavior between young adults who want to signal (and sometimes go through with) committing suicide and older adults who actually want to die.
According to a report released by the American Association of Suicidology1, there are 25 attempts at suicide for every one success.
In young people (aged 15 − 24), the odds are between 100 and 200 to 1 against. The elderly seem a lot more successful at 4:1.
For someone who actually wants to die in the EEA, suicide seems trivially easy. Pick a direction and start walking, if you find water you can drown; if you don’t find water, you’re dead anyways. If you find animals, some of them want to kill you; if you don’t find animals, the environment probably wants to kill you. If you hurt yourself in any way (cutting self, fall from height, eating poisonous food, etc) then you can easily die even if you change your mind and even if somebody can find you (which they won’t if you just walked for a day).
For young adults who want to signal suicide, I imagine things would look relatively similar to modern life (minus guns). Jump off high things, eat a lot of things that ‘should kill you’, self-harm, etc. By a factor of 200:1, the goal of suicide isn’t to succeed, it’s to make a credible threat (and arguably, that 1-in-200 just messes up). You can make that threat just as easily in the EEA. You don’t have to beat your own survival instinct for suicide to be successful, you just have to beat your tribesmates in chicken.
Jumping off a high place in the EEA seems a lot more likely to leave you irreparably handicapped than it is in the present. Possibly eating harmful things as well, depending on what harmful things are available.
Were there really suicide methods easily available in the EEA?
Aside from firearms in the US, the big methods of suicide are hanging/strangulation, drowning, poison, and fall from heights. Of these, poisoning and falling seem limited in the EEA depending on where you live. Although I have no idea how common poisonous plants were.
However, given that there existed wild animals, zero medical treatment, low population density, and little rescue capability, I assume that it would be significantly easier to commit suicide back then than today.
That’s the only one of those factors that can kill you directly. Are there any recorded cases of people committing suicide by letting wild animals rip them apart? My guess is that it would take a lot of willpower to overcome one’s fight-or-flight instinct, and I doubt that extremely depressed people have that kind of willpower. (Consider the story in this article about a guy who was unwilling to cross a car-filled street to jump off a bridge, and all the bits about people who realized they didn’t want to die right after beginning the process of committing suicide… to me, this suggests that letting a wild animal slay you would be unlikely to work.)
Cutting/starving oneself seem both more plausible and substantially less deadly. Personally, I suspect that neither was all that common, and desire to kill oneself is a manifestation of an extreme submission move. (Consider that extremely depressed people frequently seem to think they are worthless, no one cares about them, and they have nothing to offer others. If I’m not pulling my weight and I have no friends and everyone in my tribe knows it, it’s hardly a good idea for me to lord it over them and act high status… much better to make it absolutely clear that I know my place.)
Regarding your traffic example, there’s a striking difference in the behavior between young adults who want to signal (and sometimes go through with) committing suicide and older adults who actually want to die.
For someone who actually wants to die in the EEA, suicide seems trivially easy. Pick a direction and start walking, if you find water you can drown; if you don’t find water, you’re dead anyways. If you find animals, some of them want to kill you; if you don’t find animals, the environment probably wants to kill you. If you hurt yourself in any way (cutting self, fall from height, eating poisonous food, etc) then you can easily die even if you change your mind and even if somebody can find you (which they won’t if you just walked for a day).
For young adults who want to signal suicide, I imagine things would look relatively similar to modern life (minus guns). Jump off high things, eat a lot of things that ‘should kill you’, self-harm, etc. By a factor of 200:1, the goal of suicide isn’t to succeed, it’s to make a credible threat (and arguably, that 1-in-200 just messes up). You can make that threat just as easily in the EEA. You don’t have to beat your own survival instinct for suicide to be successful, you just have to beat your tribesmates in chicken.
Jumping off a high place in the EEA seems a lot more likely to leave you irreparably handicapped than it is in the present. Possibly eating harmful things as well, depending on what harmful things are available.