I maybe don’t quite understand your first two questions. If you’re asking “where does positive valence come from” my answer is “minimization of prediction error”, keeping in mind I think of that as a fancy way to say “feedback signal indicating a control system is moving towards a setpoint”. I forget how to translate that into terms of Friston’s free energy (increasing it? decreasing it?) if you prefer that model, but the point being that valence is a fundamental thing the brain does to signal parts of itself to do more or less of something.
As to your second question, valence is absolutely shaped by evolution so long as we hold the theory that all creatures with nerve cells have come to exist via evolutionary processes (maybe better to taboo “evolution” and say “differential reproduction with trait inheritance”). As to what effect evolution has had on valence seems a matter for evolutionary psychology and related studies of the evolutionary etiology of animal behavior.
Where the human valence comes from? Is it biologically encoded as positive valence of orgasm or it is learned as positive valence of Coca-Cola?
If it all biological, does it mean that our valence is shaped but convergent goals of Darwinian evolution?
I maybe don’t quite understand your first two questions. If you’re asking “where does positive valence come from” my answer is “minimization of prediction error”, keeping in mind I think of that as a fancy way to say “feedback signal indicating a control system is moving towards a setpoint”. I forget how to translate that into terms of Friston’s free energy (increasing it? decreasing it?) if you prefer that model, but the point being that valence is a fundamental thing the brain does to signal parts of itself to do more or less of something.
As to your second question, valence is absolutely shaped by evolution so long as we hold the theory that all creatures with nerve cells have come to exist via evolutionary processes (maybe better to taboo “evolution” and say “differential reproduction with trait inheritance”). As to what effect evolution has had on valence seems a matter for evolutionary psychology and related studies of the evolutionary etiology of animal behavior.