Syllable-initially they’re pretty obviously consonants (yam vs am). There are also lots of languages that have phonological rules that involve replacing semi-vowels with other consonants or vice versa, which is a pretty strong argument for them being part of the class of consonants in those languages. For the other stuff, what polymathwannabe said. This stuff is well-studied in linguistics and particularly in phonetics.
You’re confusing orthography and phonology. “may” is spelt in IPA as /mei/, so yes, it’s a diphthong there that English represents using a vowel + Y for historical reasons. Also, there isn’t a y sound in “mate” if you pronounce it at normal speed.
I don’t understand what you mean by “by that reasoning”. But there’s no reason for the r in “beard” to have to be a vowel since it’s followed by a consonant, since that’s never stopped most other consonants before.
I know the difference. They always teach vowels and consonants as letters instead of as phonemes, and most people seem to use them that way, so I just have to talk about the phonemes corresponding to those letters. I also don’t know IPA very well, and I can’t assume anyone else does, so I tend to just say things like “y sound”.
Also, there isn’t a y sound in “mate” if you pronounce it at normal speed.
http://dictionary.reference.com/ has my as /meɪ/ and mate as /meɪt/. Vowels are a lot more vaguely defined than consonants, so I don’t know how consistently dictionaries use the same letter, but it has to have something close to an ɪ in it, or it would just be “met”.
But there’s no reason for the r in “beard” to have to be a vowel since it’s followed by a consonant, since that’s never stopped most other consonants before.
You can have multiple consonants in a row like that, but there’s always caveats. You can’t follow an n with a b, for example. This is because consonants are difficult to pronounce consecutively, unless there’s some reason that those two work particularly well. r is like a vowel, and can be placed next to any consonant.
I also don’t know IPA very well, and I can’t assume anyone else does, so I tend to just say things like “y sound”.
That’s the problem right there though, you’re assuming that ‘y sound’ corresponds to the letter Y in English. The letter Y can represent either the phoneme /j/ (pronounced as the syllable-initial y), or the smallcaps i. The general rule is that syllable-initially Y represents /j/, elsewhere it represents the smallcaps i. Same goes for W, it’s /w/ syllable-initially, /u/ (or smallcaps omega, or barred-u depending on your dialect) elsewhere. R is similar but there’s a lot more variability in how it’s pronounced by individual people, for some people “bird” has a distinct consonant in there, for others it’s just an r-flavored vowel, for people like me it’s not there at all because I speak a non-rhotic dialect but I lengthen the preceding vowel somewhat as compensation.
Linguists tend to be a bit more specific than me. There may be a slight difference between /i/ and /j/, but they’re really close. It doesn’t seem to be enough to justify one being a vowel and the other being a consonant.
I tried listening to the recordings of /i/ vs /j/ on Wikipedia. /i/ just had /i/, but the recording for /j/ is /ja/, so it’s hard to concentrate on the /j/. It sure sounds a lot like /ia/. Similarly, /w/ had /wa/, which sounds a heck of a lot like /ua/.
I feel like /y/ just means that you start out transitioning from /i/ to another vowel. You tend to emphasize the following vowel more. But since you could be transitioning to any vowel, it doesn’t make sense that /y/ represents the transition itself. The only constant is it starts out as /i/.
A particularly interesting case is /jiː/ (Old English pronoun that is now spelled “ye”). It’s clearly not just /i/, and /ii/ would sound identical. But it does seem to be somewhat of a palindrome. The /i/ at the end is extended longer, but the sounds are the same forwards and backwards. There’s a slight change in the sound or emphasis between them, so it might be /ieiː/ or something where it moves to a subtly different vowel and back.
I am not interested in being an introductory phonology/phonetics textbook, but if you want to know why linguists think that semivowels should be considered a separate category to vowels, there is plenty of writing out there on the subject.I’m bowing out from further participation.
Syllable-initially they’re pretty obviously consonants (yam vs am). There are also lots of languages that have phonological rules that involve replacing semi-vowels with other consonants or vice versa, which is a pretty strong argument for them being part of the class of consonants in those languages. For the other stuff, what polymathwannabe said. This stuff is well-studied in linguistics and particularly in phonetics.
How do you tell if it’s a consonant or just part of a diphthong? For example, is the y in may a consonant? If so, how about the y sound in mate?
Also, by that reasoning, even the r in beard, which has another vowel in it, would have to be a vowel since it’s immediately followed by a consonant.
You’re confusing orthography and phonology. “may” is spelt in IPA as /mei/, so yes, it’s a diphthong there that English represents using a vowel + Y for historical reasons. Also, there isn’t a y sound in “mate” if you pronounce it at normal speed.
I don’t understand what you mean by “by that reasoning”. But there’s no reason for the r in “beard” to have to be a vowel since it’s followed by a consonant, since that’s never stopped most other consonants before.
I know the difference. They always teach vowels and consonants as letters instead of as phonemes, and most people seem to use them that way, so I just have to talk about the phonemes corresponding to those letters. I also don’t know IPA very well, and I can’t assume anyone else does, so I tend to just say things like “y sound”.
http://dictionary.reference.com/ has my as /meɪ/ and mate as /meɪt/. Vowels are a lot more vaguely defined than consonants, so I don’t know how consistently dictionaries use the same letter, but it has to have something close to an ɪ in it, or it would just be “met”.
You can have multiple consonants in a row like that, but there’s always caveats. You can’t follow an n with a b, for example. This is because consonants are difficult to pronounce consecutively, unless there’s some reason that those two work particularly well. r is like a vowel, and can be placed next to any consonant.
That’s the problem right there though, you’re assuming that ‘y sound’ corresponds to the letter Y in English. The letter Y can represent either the phoneme /j/ (pronounced as the syllable-initial y), or the smallcaps i. The general rule is that syllable-initially Y represents /j/, elsewhere it represents the smallcaps i. Same goes for W, it’s /w/ syllable-initially, /u/ (or smallcaps omega, or barred-u depending on your dialect) elsewhere. R is similar but there’s a lot more variability in how it’s pronounced by individual people, for some people “bird” has a distinct consonant in there, for others it’s just an r-flavored vowel, for people like me it’s not there at all because I speak a non-rhotic dialect but I lengthen the preceding vowel somewhat as compensation.
Linguists tend to be a bit more specific than me. There may be a slight difference between /i/ and /j/, but they’re really close. It doesn’t seem to be enough to justify one being a vowel and the other being a consonant.
I tried listening to the recordings of /i/ vs /j/ on Wikipedia. /i/ just had /i/, but the recording for /j/ is /ja/, so it’s hard to concentrate on the /j/. It sure sounds a lot like /ia/. Similarly, /w/ had /wa/, which sounds a heck of a lot like /ua/.
I feel like /y/ just means that you start out transitioning from /i/ to another vowel. You tend to emphasize the following vowel more. But since you could be transitioning to any vowel, it doesn’t make sense that /y/ represents the transition itself. The only constant is it starts out as /i/.
A particularly interesting case is /jiː/ (Old English pronoun that is now spelled “ye”). It’s clearly not just /i/, and /ii/ would sound identical. But it does seem to be somewhat of a palindrome. The /i/ at the end is extended longer, but the sounds are the same forwards and backwards. There’s a slight change in the sound or emphasis between them, so it might be /ieiː/ or something where it moves to a subtly different vowel and back.
I am not interested in being an introductory phonology/phonetics textbook, but if you want to know why linguists think that semivowels should be considered a separate category to vowels, there is plenty of writing out there on the subject.I’m bowing out from further participation.