Leigh Blyth BVM&S. Here to share my Base-Line Theory of Health and Movement—the key to better health. Grounded in some basic anatomy, the the 5 main muscles for a full range of natural movement, body alignment and balance. Hoping for some thoughts and feedback.
leggi
An interesting read and I’m happy to see people publishing posts like this.
The more that beliefs are questioned, the more improvements in thinking can be made. (or something to that effect, I’m struggling with the wording).
Anything that can be for-profit, should be.
A vaccine for coronavirus could be for profit. Should it be? What would be the overall effects (advantages?) of:
having a vaccination that is sold for profit.
compared to:
a vaccine that is available on a not for profit basis.
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Money …. keeps people honest
Does it? Fraud. Tax returns …
I would ask a different question in each case. (about unrelated subjects)
Well done Lily!
Does Lily want to join the rota and prepare dinner again?
If so, tortilla wraps are fun to do—stuff to weigh and knead (and getting flour all over the place!)
It’s a good opportunity to do a bit of math when splitting the dough into pieces (I’d suggest working in grams) and rolling the tortillas can lead to some interesting shapes and designs …
Various fillings can be prepared to cater for vegans, vegetarians and meat eaters. A mix and match meal for everyone.
Who gets to hear the question and answer?
Just me or is there a wider audience (that also know the oracle cannot lie)?
Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19
Abstract
We report temporal patterns of viral shedding in 94 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and modeled COVID-19 infectiousness profiles from a separate sample of 77 infector–infectee transmission pairs.We observed the highest viral load in throat swabs at the time of symptom onset, and inferred that infectiousness peaked on or before symptom onset.
We estimated that 44% (95% confidence interval, 25–69%) of secondary cases were infected during the index cases’ presymptomatic stage, in settings with substantial household clustering, active case finding and quarantine outside the home.
Disease control measures should be adjusted to account for probable substantial presymptomatic transmission.
Are you reproducing a text-book / full script of lecture or are you making study notes?
Personal experience:
For me, letting go of my need for everything to be neat and complete was a bit step in making notes to learn from. They don’t have to be perfect, they need to be useful. A summary in short form, including the key words/points, missing out the rest.
For example, all this text taken from Wikipedia - (no need to actually read it all)
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time.[11] Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger.[2] If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications.[2] Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death.[3] Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, damage to the nerves, damage to the eyes and cognitive impairment.[2][5]
Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced.[12] There are three main types of diabetes mellitus:[2]
Type 1 diabetes results from the pancreas’s failure to produce enough insulin due to loss of beta cells.[2] This form was previously referred to as “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus” (IDDM) or “juvenile diabetes”.[2] The loss of beta cells is caused by an autoimmune response.[13] The cause of this autoimmune response is unknown.[2]
Type 2 diabetes begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly.[2] As the disease progresses, a lack of insulin may also develop.[14] This form was previously referred to as “non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus” (NIDDM) or “adult-onset diabetes”.[2] The most common cause is a combination of excessive body weight and insufficient exercise.[2]
Gestational diabetes is the third main form, and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood sugar levels.[2]
Prevention and treatment involve maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, a normal body weight, and avoiding use of tobacco.[2] Control of blood pressure and maintaining proper foot and eye care are important for people with the disease.[2] Type 1 diabetes must be managed with insulin injections.[2] Type 2 diabetes may be treated with medications with or without insulin.[15] Insulin and some oral medications can cause low blood sugar.[16] Weight loss surgery in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure in those with type 2 diabetes.[17] Gestational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby.[18]Reduced to this:
DM = ↑G PU/PD ↑hunger
--> ketoacidosis. heart, kidney, foot ulcers, neuropathy, eyes, cognative probs.
Type 1 - ↓ insulin production (idiopathic autoimmune beta cells pancreas)
Type 2 - insulin resistance body cells. --> progress to type 1. ( assoc. factors ↑weight ↓ exercise)
Type 3 - gestational. no prev. hx. resolves post-partum.
tx:
diet, exercise, X-smoking (obesity sx.)
BP, foot + eye care,
insulin, oral tx ↓G
By reading the text and then condensing it I’ve spent time considering the words, assessing what the key points are and absorbing along the way (using common notation that I know exactly what it means e.g. PU/PD = polyuria polydipsia = increased urination and increased drinking)
I now have an easy to scan summary to be able to reproduce the full text in an exam. I’m aware that adding words such as “normally” and “most cases” provides the caveats and cover that very little is 100% in medicine.
If you know something there’s no real benefit in writing it out in full again but I still found myself adding “beta cells pancreas” to the above notes for completeness.
Whether I take notes this way by handwriting or keyboard doesn’t made much difference to the learning/absorption process, but typed notes are much neater, which I like!! And more formatting options are available—easy bold, bigger fonts. Rather than the old highlighter pen.
I’ve found drawing flow and other diagrams and spider maps by hand is invaluable in some situations though.
A study, not peer-reviewed:
Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19
HC= hydroxychloroquine,
HC+AZ = hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin
no HC = no hydroxychloroquine
RESULTS: A total of 368 patients were evaluated
(HC, n=97; . HC+AZ, n=113; . no HC, n=158).
Rates of death in the HC, HC+AZ, and no HC groups were 27.8%, 22.1%, 11.4%, respectively.
Rates of ventilation in the HC, HC+AZ, and no HC groups were 13.3%, 6.9%, 14.1%, respectively.
Compared to the no HC group, the risk of death from any cause was higher in the HC group (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.10 to 6.17; P=0.03) but not in the HC+AZ group (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.56 to 2.32; P=0.72).
The risk of ventilation was similar in the HC group (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.53 to 3.79; P=0.48) and in the HC+AZ group (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.12; P=0.09), compared to the no HC group.
CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, we found no evidence that use of hydroxychloroquine, either with or without azithromycin, reduced the risk of mechanical ventilation in patients hospitalized with Covid-19.
An association of increased overall mortality was identified in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine alone.
These findings highlight the importance of awaiting the results of ongoing prospective, randomized, controlled studies before widespread adoption of these drugs.
.....
However, given its increasingly widespread use, not only as therapy but also as prophylaxis for Covid-19, there is a great and immediate need to obtain insights into the clinical outcomes among patients currently treated with hydroxychloroquine, particularly because of the non-negligible toxicities associated with its use.
Oxford COVID-19 vaccine begins human trial stage
The vaccine is based on an adenovirus vaccine vector and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein,
Is the victory bit important in the quotation?
If it’s not about the victory/winning, and rather about the path/journey ….
A first draft that springs to mind as I type:
The key to rationality.… is not to chose the label, but to choose to take every opportunity to improve/update your thinking.
(Can’t … stop … myself … from commenting: From what I’ve observed too much ego gets in the way of rational thinking sometimes.)
Thanks for those links. I’ll need time to read properly.
I’ve wondered for a while about the influence of viruses on evolution (just looking at the effects of something like Zika virus for a start) or genomes picking up “new DNA” from RNA templates etc.…
It would be important information if it was true. But is it true?
(SARSr-CoV) makes the BSL-4 list on Wikipedia but coronaviruses are widespread in a lot of species and I can’t find any evidence that they are restricted to BSL-4 labs.
Whether BSL-3 labs were allowed to deal with this class of virus, is something that someone should research.
Did anyone do some research?
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(SARSr-CoV) makes the BSL-4 list on Wikipedia.
But what’s the probability that animal-based coronaviruses (being very widespread in a lot of species) were restricted to BSL-4 labs?
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COVID19 and BSL according to:
W.H.O. Laboratory biosafety guidance related to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Non-propagative diagnostic laboratory work including, sequencing, nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) on clinical specimens from patients who are suspected or confirmed to be infected with nCoV, should be conducted adopting practices …. … in the interim, Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) in the WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual, 3rd edition remains appropriate until the 4th edition replaces it.
Handling of material with high concentrations of live virus (such as when performing virus propagation, virus isolation or neutralization assays) or large volumes of infectious materials should be performed only by properly trained and competent personnel in laboratories capable of meeting additional essential containment requirements and practices, i.e. BSL-3.
A good point that “health” is too generalised. I’ve updated my original request.
Thanks for the full list of tags. I guess there’s been a couple of changes in the lists somewhere e.g. “practical techniques” not being added when selected.
The “world optimisation/modelling” and “well-being” ones aren’t on the list (page 2 somewhere??!)
To untag a post, just downvote its tag relevance
Cool. Done. A little unpleasant seeing red and and minus vote but it disappeared when I added a new tag, so all good. :)
“well-being” works for me (Christian’s point re-” health” tag is well taken so I withdraw that request).
I have a sequence, lost in the depths of LW … but since you bring it up: (cheeky smile)
An easy intro. to some key anatomy 5 main muscles made easy.
Some info. on coronavirus vaccines in pigs:
Vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and other swine coronaviruses 2016
Coronavirus (and other viruses) causes severe disease in neonatal piglets. Vaccination of pregnant sows in order to confer “lactogenic immunity” i.e. antibodies in the milk is, as far as I’m aware, the main use of coronavirus vaccines in swine.
(I was a veterinary surgeon but I’ve not treated pigs in over a decade.)
I’m liking the tag idea!
But.. how to I remove one (added by mistake to one of my posts)?
A list of all tags currently available would be useful. (rather than seeing what appears on the drop down list when doing a search for various letters).
I’d like a “health” tag (edited to add—I withdraw the request for a “health” tag)
and would use an “anatomy” tag (but that’d mostly be for me as far as I can see).
Test reliability:
Sensitivity and specificity of the test. an image here
sensitivity = number of true positives / number of true positives + number of false negatives (true positives that test negative)
specificity = number of true negatives / number of true negatives + number of false positives (cross-reactions, other infections giving positive result)
Some info. I found here about covid19 PCR test. (It might not be the test that was was used but as far as I’m aware all current covid virus testing is via PCR so the tests should be of a very high specificity − 100%?!)
A bio-optical laser sensor for COVID testing is under development.
Technique/testing protocol.
Contamination of swabs is a possibility for positive results in a negative patient. (e.g. test personal is positive and contaminates sample, contamination in lab.)
Poor technique on sampling, ‘bad luck’ just missing the virus on sampling, using the wrong type of swab, poor handing of sample will give a negative result for a positive case.
A US study looking for recruits: NIH begins study to quantify undetected cases of coronavirus infection
A new study has begun recruiting at the National Institutes of Health …. to determine how many adults in the United States without a confirmed history of infection with SARS-CoV-2 have antibodies to the virus.
After enrollment, study participants will attend a virtual clinic visit, complete a health assessment questionnaire and provide basic demographic information—including race, ethnicity, sex, age and occupation—before submitting samples in one of two ways. Participants working at the NIH Bethesda campus will have blood drawn at the NIH Clinical Center. Other volunteers will participate in at-home blood sampling.
I was specifically asking about a vaccine for coronavirus. (I should have said covid19)
The potential profits from such a vaccine could be massive.
Weigh that against the effects of giving the world’s population some sort of immunity.
If this vaccine is shown to be effective, the first round of vaccinations will be available at cost from Oxford University and AstraZeneca.:
Landmark partnership announced for development of COVID-19 vaccine