Would the light lose energy as it traveled upward (Does differently-shaped space redshift it)
Yes. You do lose energy moving light uphill, even if you have perfect emitters and collectors.
Is the answer the same if instead of gravity you used another force? (Say Earth was positively charged, and you converted negatively charged mass to energy, and back)
Yes. You do lose energy moving light uphill, even if you have perfect emitters and collectors.
I don’t think you can do that. Photons have no electric charge.