Expected value of taking M without information is 0.5 −1 + 0.5 4 = 1.5, not 1. VoI in this case is 0.5 utilon.
Expected value of taking M without information is 0.5 −1 + 0.5 4 = 1.5, not 1. VoI in this case is 0.5 utilon.