I don’t think it changes the conclusion by much, but isn’t, “The q, which doesn’t appear in that paper, is a constant, so has M_q = 1,” incorrect? All of the valves we’re looking at are constants, but we don’t know what the constants are, so we have a nonzero variance, leading g to M_q > 1. We certainly don’t know the exact value of q, so it shouldn’t have M_q = 1.
I don’t think it changes the conclusion by much, but isn’t, “The q, which doesn’t appear in that paper, is a constant, so has M_q = 1,” incorrect? All of the valves we’re looking at are constants, but we don’t know what the constants are, so we have a nonzero variance, leading g to M_q > 1. We certainly don’t know the exact value of q, so it shouldn’t have M_q = 1.