But what if your friend offers you to stick the gum to any other coin and let you see which way it lands, to get a feel on how the gum “might” affect the result*, and then offer you this deal? How would you calculate Vol then?
I ask because I often run into the difference between “physiological” and “ecological” approaches. In the first instance, you might study (for example) “Plant X with/without Fungus Y0 and/or Bacteria Z0” microscope slides, where you carefully inoculate X. In the second, you make slides from X collected in the wild, with who-knows-what growing in it, and have to say if it has Y1 or Z1 or anything at all. I mean, having a previous “physiological” study at hand sure helps, but...are there any quantitative estimates on how much?
This tends to be very context dependent; I don’t know enough about biology to estimate. The main caution here is that people tend to forget about regression to the mean (if you have a local measurement X that’s only partly related to Y, you should not just port your estimate from X over to Y, but move it closer to what you would have expected from Y beforehand).
But what if your friend offers you to stick the gum to any other coin and let you see which way it lands, to get a feel on how the gum “might” affect the result*, and then offer you this deal? How would you calculate Vol then?
I ask because I often run into the difference between “physiological” and “ecological” approaches. In the first instance, you might study (for example) “Plant X with/without Fungus Y0 and/or Bacteria Z0” microscope slides, where you carefully inoculate X. In the second, you make slides from X collected in the wild, with who-knows-what growing in it, and have to say if it has Y1 or Z1 or anything at all. I mean, having a previous “physiological” study at hand sure helps, but...are there any quantitative estimates on how much?
This tends to be very context dependent; I don’t know enough about biology to estimate. The main caution here is that people tend to forget about regression to the mean (if you have a local measurement X that’s only partly related to Y, you should not just port your estimate from X over to Y, but move it closer to what you would have expected from Y beforehand).