I was absolutely certain I had responded to this, because I had taken the trouble to search for and locate a description of the procedure used in particle physics, which appears to be the central place where likelihood functions are the preferred tool.
Seems I wrote it but never submitted it, so in this here placeholder comment I vouchsafe to hunt that resource down again and put it here in an edit.
This is a short article from by a person from CERN, Robert Cousins. It covers in brief what likelihood is and how it is different than probability, then a short description of three different methods of using a likelihood function (here listed as Likelihoodist, Neman-Pearson, and Bayesian), and then on to a slightly more advanced example. It has references which include some papers from the work on identifying the Higgs Boson, and some of his own relevant papers.
I was absolutely certain I had responded to this, because I had taken the trouble to search for and locate a description of the procedure used in particle physics, which appears to be the central place where likelihood functions are the preferred tool.
Seems I wrote it but never submitted it, so in this here placeholder comment I vouchsafe to hunt that resource down again and put it here in an edit.
Edit: As I promised, the resource: https://ep-news.web.cern.ch/what-likelihood-function-and-how-it-used-particle-physics
This is a short article from by a person from CERN, Robert Cousins. It covers in brief what likelihood is and how it is different than probability, then a short description of three different methods of using a likelihood function (here listed as Likelihoodist, Neman-Pearson, and Bayesian), and then on to a slightly more advanced example. It has references which include some papers from the work on identifying the Higgs Boson, and some of his own relevant papers.