Phineas Gage was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain’s left frontal lobe, and for that injury’s reported effects on his personality and behavior over the remaining 12 years of his life...”.
Another interesting case study:
Apparently the extent to which Phineas was affected by the injury is exaggerated, see: https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4744