Having a dedicated nationalist population with historical willingness to defend seems to be the major impediment. This is easily conflated with “your own land”, but the land is a prerequisite, not a cause
Sure. But a population without land can easily be classified as criminals and subdued. Once they have land they are a nation.
The Kurds are a good example of this. Every nation-state with Kurds has a common interest in denying them nationhood so that Kurds won’t claim territory or cause trouble.
Minorities in the USSR, in Anatolia in 1917 and many other places fall into the trap of being a people without land and pay for it.
Sure. But a population without land can easily be classified as criminals and subdued. Once they have land they are a nation.
The Kurds are a good example of this. Every nation-state with Kurds has a common interest in denying them nationhood so that Kurds won’t claim territory or cause trouble.
Minorities in the USSR, in Anatolia in 1917 and many other places fall into the trap of being a people without land and pay for it.