That’s very interesting, but isn’t the level-1 thinking closer to deontological ethics than virtue ethics, since it is based on rules rather than on the character of the moral agent?
My understanding is that when Hare says rules or principles for level-1 he means it generically and is agnostic about what form they’d take. “Always be kind” is also a rule. For clarity, I’d substitute the word ‘algorithm’ for ‘rules’/‘principles’. Your level-2 algorithm is consequentialism, but then your level-1 algorithm is whatever happens to consequentially work best—be it inviolable deontological rules, character-based virtue ethics, or something else.
Level-1 is about rules which your habit and instinct can follow, but I wouldn’t say they’re ways to describe it. Here we’re talking about normative rules, not descriptive System 1/System 2 stuff.
And the Archangel has decided to take some general principles (which are rules) and implant them in the habit and instinct of the children. I suppose you could argue that the system implanted is a deontological one from the Archangels point of view, and merely instinctual behaviour from the childrens point of view. I’d still feel that calling instinctual behaviour ‘virtue ethics’ is a bit strange.
not quite. The initial instincts are the system-1 “presets”. These can and do change with time. A particular entity’s current system-1 behavior are its “habits”.
That’s very interesting, but isn’t the level-1 thinking closer to deontological ethics than virtue ethics, since it is based on rules rather than on the character of the moral agent?
My understanding is that when Hare says rules or principles for level-1 he means it generically and is agnostic about what form they’d take. “Always be kind” is also a rule. For clarity, I’d substitute the word ‘algorithm’ for ‘rules’/‘principles’. Your level-2 algorithm is consequentialism, but then your level-1 algorithm is whatever happens to consequentially work best—be it inviolable deontological rules, character-based virtue ethics, or something else.
level-1 thinking is actually based on habit and instinct more than rules; rules are just a way to describe habit and instinct.
Level-1 is about rules which your habit and instinct can follow, but I wouldn’t say they’re ways to describe it. Here we’re talking about normative rules, not descriptive System 1/System 2 stuff.
And the Archangel has decided to take some general principles (which are rules) and implant them in the habit and instinct of the children. I suppose you could argue that the system implanted is a deontological one from the Archangels point of view, and merely instinctual behaviour from the childrens point of view. I’d still feel that calling instinctual behaviour ‘virtue ethics’ is a bit strange.
not quite. The initial instincts are the system-1 “presets”. These can and do change with time. A particular entity’s current system-1 behavior are its “habits”.