Group selection effects are significant when the individuals of the group have a very high genetic similarity, making it overlap with kin selection. Typical examples are the cells in the body of a multicellular organisms or eusocial organisms in a hive. In groups made of mildly related individuals, like those produced by mammalian sexual reproduction (e.g. a wolf pack, a human tribe), individual selection will typically overwhelm group selection barring extreme selective pressures.
Social mammals of species which exhibit non-kin altruistic cooperation all have the ability to detect and punish defectors. One-shot PD scenarios are rare, while iterated PD scenarios are much more common in social environments, creating a selective pressure to evolve tit-for-tat strategies.
That’s a group selection argument.
Group selection effects are significant when the individuals of the group have a very high genetic similarity, making it overlap with kin selection. Typical examples are the cells in the body of a multicellular organisms or eusocial organisms in a hive.
In groups made of mildly related individuals, like those produced by mammalian sexual reproduction (e.g. a wolf pack, a human tribe), individual selection will typically overwhelm group selection barring extreme selective pressures.
Social mammals of species which exhibit non-kin altruistic cooperation all have the ability to detect and punish defectors. One-shot PD scenarios are rare, while iterated PD scenarios are much more common in social environments, creating a selective pressure to evolve tit-for-tat strategies.