Maybe one example is the idea of Dutch book. It comes originally from real world situations (sport betting and so on) and then we apply it to rationality in the abstract.
Or another example, much older, is how Socrates used analogy. It was one of his favorite tools I think. When talking about some confusing thing, he’d draw an analogy with something closer to experience. For example, “Is the nature of virtue different for men and for women?”—“Well, the nature of strength isn’t that much different between men and women, likewise the nature of health, so maybe virtue works the same way.” Obviously this way of reasoning can easily go wrong, but I think it’s also pretty indicative of how people do philosophy.
Maybe one example is the idea of Dutch book. It comes originally from real world situations (sport betting and so on) and then we apply it to rationality in the abstract.
Or another example, much older, is how Socrates used analogy. It was one of his favorite tools I think. When talking about some confusing thing, he’d draw an analogy with something closer to experience. For example, “Is the nature of virtue different for men and for women?”—“Well, the nature of strength isn’t that much different between men and women, likewise the nature of health, so maybe virtue works the same way.” Obviously this way of reasoning can easily go wrong, but I think it’s also pretty indicative of how people do philosophy.