Seems like you need to go beyond arguments of authority and stating your conclusions and instead go down to the object-level disagreements. You could say instead “Your argument for ~X is invalid because blah blah” and if Jacob says “Your argument for the invalidity of my argument for ~X is invalid because blah blah” then it’s better than before because it’s easier to evaluate argument validity than ground truth. (And if that process continues ad infinitam, consider that someone who cannot evaluate the validity of the simplest arguments is not worth arguing with.)
Seems like you need to go beyond arguments of authority and stating your conclusions and instead go down to the object-level disagreements. You could say instead “Your argument for ~X is invalid because blah blah” and if Jacob says “Your argument for the invalidity of my argument for ~X is invalid because blah blah” then it’s better than before because it’s easier to evaluate argument validity than ground truth.
(And if that process continues ad infinitam, consider that someone who cannot evaluate the validity of the simplest arguments is not worth arguing with.)