Induced miscarriage, preterm birth, low birth weight. There is evidence that all of these are associated with violence against women, and also violence against women by her mate increases while she is pregnant. I looked and was unable to find any data suggesting any non-human males commit violence againt a female while she is pregnant with his fetus.
Humans are unique among mammals for the degree of placental difficulties, birth dificulties and cephalopelvic disproportion they have.
Induced miscarriage, preterm birth, low birth weight. There is evidence that all of these are associated with violence against women, and also violence against women by her mate increases while she is pregnant. I looked and was unable to find any data suggesting any non-human males commit violence againt a female while she is pregnant with his fetus.
Humans are unique among mammals for the degree of placental difficulties, birth dificulties and cephalopelvic disproportion they have.