2 and 3 need to be contextualized a bit more: they’re cultural appropriation in circumstances where the more powerful group has forced the less powerful one to mix with or assimilate to it.
In 2, mixing means that the less powerful group’s ability to maintain their own set of signals within their territory is diminished. This is why fashionably copying their signals is a problem: it disrupts one of the few remaining ways for minority-group members to recognize and selectively pay attention to other full participants in their culture.
In 3, assimilation means that members of the less powerful group face an incentive to distance themselves from signifiers of their culture, so they often can’t profit from such signifiers, while members of the more powerful culture may have more freedom to countersignal by playing around with things from the less powerful culture.
2 and 3 need to be contextualized a bit more: they’re cultural appropriation in circumstances where the more powerful group has forced the less powerful one to mix with or assimilate to it.
In 2, mixing means that the less powerful group’s ability to maintain their own set of signals within their territory is diminished. This is why fashionably copying their signals is a problem: it disrupts one of the few remaining ways for minority-group members to recognize and selectively pay attention to other full participants in their culture.
In 3, assimilation means that members of the less powerful group face an incentive to distance themselves from signifiers of their culture, so they often can’t profit from such signifiers, while members of the more powerful culture may have more freedom to countersignal by playing around with things from the less powerful culture.
Good points.