How they might be different from a ‘single world situation’:
Quantum effects have some bearing on computation, or can produce ‘strange probabilistic effects’.
‘How do these quantum computations work? How are they so powerful? The answer to this question might be important’
How they might be the same:
Expected value matters. Not just in expectation, but ‘there’s a world for that’ (for the correct distribution).
Real world applications I’ve heard of:
quantum pseudo-telepathy*,
counterfactual computation
transmissions that can’t be intercepted (or break if they are observed) - some sort of quantum security.
Changing the way we see information
A new, (much better than classical) quantum algorithm is designed/discovered. Then a better classical algorithm is proposed based on it that makes up for (a lot of) the gap.
Better/cheaper randomness?
Changing the way we think about information/computation/physics/math/probability
*This one uses measuring entangled particles.
Maybe if you condition actions based on a quantum source of randomness that changes what happens in the multiverse relative to a deterministic protocol.
How they might be different from a ‘single world situation’:
Quantum effects have some bearing on computation, or can produce ‘strange probabilistic effects’.
‘How do these quantum computations work? How are they so powerful? The answer to this question might be important’
How they might be the same:
Expected value matters. Not just in expectation, but ‘there’s a world for that’ (for the correct distribution).
Real world applications I’ve heard of:
quantum pseudo-telepathy*,
counterfactual computation
transmissions that can’t be intercepted (or break if they are observed) - some sort of quantum security.
Changing the way we see information
A new, (much better than classical) quantum algorithm is designed/discovered. Then a better classical algorithm is proposed based on it that makes up for (a lot of) the gap.
Better/cheaper randomness?
Changing the way we think about information/computation/physics/math/probability
*This one uses measuring entangled particles.
Maybe if you condition actions based on a quantum source of randomness that changes what happens in the multiverse relative to a deterministic protocol.