In Newton’s case the real rule (or at least the practical rule) is the meta-rule of when Newton is good enough and what to use when it isn’t. Without that knowledge you can’t form a meta-rule and you don’t know when to believe the model and when not to. You can maybe assess it probabilistically but I wouldn’t want to place much on the result.
The real rules have no exceptions
In Newton’s case the real rule (or at least the practical rule) is the meta-rule of when Newton is good enough and what to use when it isn’t. Without that knowledge you can’t form a meta-rule and you don’t know when to believe the model and when not to. You can maybe assess it probabilistically but I wouldn’t want to place much on the result.