Evidence that people will cheat if the expected benefits greatly exceed the expected costs. Update accordingly. Where else do you think people are cheating?
I think that this is especially bad for science because science doesn’t have anything equivalent to test and analyze before the medals are handed out. Peer review isn’t an adversarial process aimed at detecting fraud. Anti-fraud in science is entirely based on your published papers being analogous to the stored urine samples; you are vulnerable to people getting round to checking, maybe, one day, after you’ve spent the grant money. If we can translate across from the Olympic experience we are saying that that kind of delayed anti-fraud measure works especially poorly with humans.
I think that a large number of product descriptions on Amazon are wrong. If a feature requires tools to measure accurately, then I personally expect its claimed value to be inflated.
I have heard the rumor that drugstore products (e.g. shampoo, wrinkle cream) contain ever-declining amounts of the active ingredient, after the first product launches.
Evidence that people will cheat if the expected benefits greatly exceed the expected costs. Update accordingly. Where else do you think people are cheating?
In science there’s a lot to be gained by false results and little expected costs...
I think that this is especially bad for science because science doesn’t have anything equivalent to test and analyze before the medals are handed out. Peer review isn’t an adversarial process aimed at detecting fraud. Anti-fraud in science is entirely based on your published papers being analogous to the stored urine samples; you are vulnerable to people getting round to checking, maybe, one day, after you’ve spent the grant money. If we can translate across from the Olympic experience we are saying that that kind of delayed anti-fraud measure works especially poorly with humans.
I think that a large number of product descriptions on Amazon are wrong. If a feature requires tools to measure accurately, then I personally expect its claimed value to be inflated.
I have heard the rumor that drugstore products (e.g. shampoo, wrinkle cream) contain ever-declining amounts of the active ingredient, after the first product launches.
Like no Aloe in Aloe products.