I think we call this “taxes”. For slightly-less-enforced version, many organizations have “dues” or “tithes”.
I would like to note the shift from voluntary optimization in option 1 to enforced participation in option 2. Option 1 is because coordination IS actually better utility for the participants. Option 2 is because the simple model says it’s better, and because people who believe it have power.
I think we call this “taxes”. For slightly-less-enforced version, many organizations have “dues” or “tithes”.
I would like to note the shift from voluntary optimization in option 1 to enforced participation in option 2. Option 1 is because coordination IS actually better utility for the participants. Option 2 is because the simple model says it’s better, and because people who believe it have power.
1) “I think we call this “taxes”.”
So I invented taxes for charitable donations.
2) The second option is better for most participants, but not for everyone, you are right