I’ve separated some forms of alternative medicine out when one might arguably put them closer together. Also, I’m including Young Earth Creationism, but not creationism as a whole. Where that goes might be a bit more complicated. There’s some overlap between some of these (such as young earth creationism and religion). The list also does not include any beliefs that have a fundamentally moral component. I’ve tried to not include beliefs which are stupid but hard to deal with empirically (say that there’s something morally inferior about specific racial groups). Finally, when compiling this list I’ve tried to avoid thinking too much about the overall balance that the delusion provides. So for example, religion is listed where it is based on the harm it does, without taking into account the societal benefits that it also produces.
1-4:
Religion, Ayurveda,
Homeopathy, Traditional Chinese medicine (as standardized post 1950s)
5-10
The belief that intelligence differences have no strong genetic component.
The belief that intelligence differences have no strong environmental component.
The belief that there are no serious existential threats to humans.
The belief that external cosmetic features or national allegiances are strong indicators of mental superiority or inferiority.
That human females have fundamentally less mental capacity and that this difference is enough to be a useful data point when evaluating humans.
The belief that the Chinese government can be trusted to benefit its people or decide what information they should or should not have access to. (The primary reason this gets on the list is the sheer size of China. There are other governments which are much, much worse and have similar delusions by the people. But the damage level done is frequently much smaller.)
11-20
Vaccines cause autism.
Young Earth Creationism.
Invisible Hand of the Market solves everything.
Government solves everything.
Providence.
That there are not fundamental limits on certain natural resources.
That nuclear power is intrinsically worse than other forms of energy.
The belief that large segments of the population are fundamentally not good at math or science.
Astrology.
The belief that antibiotics can deal with viral infections.
There were a few that I wanted to stick on for essentially emotional reasons.
So for example Holocaust Denial almost got on the list and when I tried to justify it I saw myself engaging in what was clearly motivated cognition.
This list is very preliminary. The grouping is also very tentative and could likely be easily subject to change.
The belief that the Chinese government can be trusted to benefit its people or decide what information they should or should not have access to.
Is it trust or fear that is the real problem in that case? What would you do as an average Chinese citizen who wanted to change the policy? (Then, the same question assuming you were an actual Chinese citizen who didn’t have your philosophical mind, intelligence, idealism and resourcefulness.)
Is it trust or fear that is the real problem in that case?
It seems like it is a mix. From people I’ve spoken to in China and the impression I get from what I’ve read about the Chinese censorship, the majority of people are generally ok with letting the government control things and think that that’s really for the best. This seems to be changing slightly with the younger generation but it is hard to tell.
What would you do as an average Chinese citizen who wanted to change the policy? (Then, the same question assuming you were an actual Chinese citizen who didn’t have your philosophical mind, intelligence, idealism and resourcefulness.)
Good points certainly. I’m not sure any average Chinese citizen alone can do anything. If I were an actual Chinese citizen alone given my “philosophical mind, intelligence, idealism and resourcefulness,” I’m not sure I’d do anything either, not because I can’t, but because the risk would be high. It is easy to say “oh, people in X situation should do Y because that’s morally better or better for everyone overall” when one isn’t in that situation. When one’s life, family, or livelihood is the one being threatened then it is obviously going to be a lot more difficult. It isn’t that I’m a coward (although I might be) it is just that standing up to the government in that sort of situation takes a lot of courage that I’m pretty sure I (and most people) don’t have. But if the general population took an attitude that was more willing to do minor things (spread things like TOR or other methods of getting around the Great Firewall for example), then things might be different. But even that might not have a large impact.
From people I’ve spoken to in China and the impression I get from what I’ve read about the Chinese censorship, the majority of people are generally ok with letting the government control things and think that that’s really for the best. This seems to be changing slightly with the younger generation but it is hard to tell.
I get the impression that overall, the younger generation is more apathetic about politics than the older one.
(Though there is also the relatively recent phenomenon of “angry youths” (fenqing), who rant on forums and such.)
The belief that the Chinese government can be trusted to benefit its people or decide what information they should or should not have access to. (The primary reason this gets on the list is the sheer size of China. There are other governments which are much, much worse and have similar delusions by the people. But the damage level done is frequently much smaller.)
I’m a bit surprised at that one—the current Chinese government seems pretty rational and efficient to me, and I’d be hard-pressed to say what I would do differently in it’s place or rather—there are things I would do differently, but I’m not sure I’d get better results).
Control of information by the government should be seen mostly as a way of preserving it’s own power. So I’m not really sure of how to interpret “The belief that the Chinese government can be trusted to [...] decide what information they should or should not have access to.”—could you rephrase that belief so that it’s irrationality becomes more apparent, maybe tabooing “can be trusted to” ? If you mean “Chinese people wrongly believe that the government is restricting information access for their own good”, then I’m not sure that a lot of people actually believe that, and for those that do, that believing it does any harm.
If you mean “Chinese people wrongly believe that the government is restricting information access for their own good”, then I’m not sure that a lot of people actually believe that, and for those that do, that believing it does any harm.
Ok. My impression is that that is a common belief in China and is connected to the belief that the government doesn’t actively lie. I don’t have a very good citation for this other than general impressions so I’m going to point to a relevant blog entry by a friend who spent a few years in China where she discusses this with examples. There are of course even limits to how far that will go. This is also complicated by the fact that many of the really serious harm in China (detainment of citizens for questioning policies, beatings and torture, ignoring of basic environmental and safety issues) stem from the local governments rather than the central government, and the relationship between Beijing and the local governments is very complicated. See also my remarks above to wedrifid which touch on these issues also. So yeah, it may make sense to take this off the list given the lack of harm directly coming from this issue.
The belief that large segments of the population are fundamentally not good at math or science.
This one caught my eye, I don’t think I’ve seen this listed as an obvious delusion before. Can you maybe expand more on this? I guess the idea is that a much larger number of people could make use of math or science if they weren’t predisposed to think that they belong in an incapable segment?
I’m thinking of something like picking the quarter of population that scores in the bottom at a standard IQ test or the local SAT-equivalent as the “large segment of population” though. A test for basic science and mathematics skills could be being able to successfully figure out solutions for some introductionary exercises from a freshman university course in mathematics or science, given the exercise, relevant textbooks and prerequisite materials, and, say, up to a week to work out things from the textbook.
It doesn’t seem obvious to me that such a test would end up with results that would make the original assertion go straight into ‘delusion’ status. My suspicions are somewhat based on the article from a couple of years back, which claimed that many freshman computer science students seem to simple lack the basic mental model building ability needed to start comprehending programming.
I guess the idea is that a much larger number of people could make use of math or science if they weren’t predisposed to think that they belong in an incapable segment?
Yes. And more people would go into math and science.
My suspicions are somewhat based on the article from a couple of years back, which claimed that many freshman computer science students seem to simple lack the basic mental model building ability needed to start comprehending programming.
That’s a very interesting article. I think that the level of, and type of abstraction necessary to program is already orders of magnitude beyond where most people stop being willing to do math. My own experience in regards to tutoring students who aren’t doing well in math is that one of the primary issues is one of confidence: students of all types think they aren’t good at math and thus freeze up when they see something that is slightly different from what they’ve done before. If they understand that they aren’t bad at math or that they don’t need to be bad at math, they are much more likely to be willing to try to play around with a problem a bit rather than just panic.
I was an undergraduate at Yale which is generally considered to be a decent school that admits people who are by and large not dumb. And one thing that struck me was that even in that sort of setting, many people minimized the amount of math and science they took. When asked about it the most common claim was that they weren’t good at it. Some of those people are going to end up as future senators and congressman and have close to zero idea of how science works or how statistics work other than at the level they got from high school. If we’re lucky, they know the difference between a median and a mean.
This view is surprisingly common. I don’t want to move to much to a potentially mind-killing subject, but the idea isn’t uncommon among certain groups in US politics. Indeed, they think it so strongly about some resources that they take it almost as an ideological point. This occurs when discussing oil most frequently. Emphasis is placed on things like the Eugene Island field and abiotic oil which they argue shows we won’t run out of oil. The second is particularly galling because even if the abiotic oil hypotheses were correct the level of oil production would still be orders of magnitudes below the consumption rate. I’d point more generally to followers of Julian Simon (not Simon himself per se. His own arguments were generally more nuanced and subtle than what many people seem to get out of them).
They probably wouldn’t get anywhere on the list for the reason that a) I’m not convinced that either determinism or free will as often given are actually well-defined notions and b) I don’t see either belief as causing much harm in practice.
I’ve separated some forms of alternative medicine out when one might arguably put them closer together. Also, I’m including Young Earth Creationism, but not creationism as a whole. Where that goes might be a bit more complicated. There’s some overlap between some of these (such as young earth creationism and religion). The list also does not include any beliefs that have a fundamentally moral component. I’ve tried to not include beliefs which are stupid but hard to deal with empirically (say that there’s something morally inferior about specific racial groups). Finally, when compiling this list I’ve tried to avoid thinking too much about the overall balance that the delusion provides. So for example, religion is listed where it is based on the harm it does, without taking into account the societal benefits that it also produces.
1-4: Religion, Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Traditional Chinese medicine (as standardized post 1950s)
5-10 The belief that intelligence differences have no strong genetic component. The belief that intelligence differences have no strong environmental component. The belief that there are no serious existential threats to humans. The belief that external cosmetic features or national allegiances are strong indicators of mental superiority or inferiority. That human females have fundamentally less mental capacity and that this difference is enough to be a useful data point when evaluating humans. The belief that the Chinese government can be trusted to benefit its people or decide what information they should or should not have access to. (The primary reason this gets on the list is the sheer size of China. There are other governments which are much, much worse and have similar delusions by the people. But the damage level done is frequently much smaller.)
11-20 Vaccines cause autism. Young Earth Creationism. Invisible Hand of the Market solves everything. Government solves everything. Providence. That there are not fundamental limits on certain natural resources. That nuclear power is intrinsically worse than other forms of energy. The belief that large segments of the population are fundamentally not good at math or science. Astrology. The belief that antibiotics can deal with viral infections.
There were a few that I wanted to stick on for essentially emotional reasons. So for example Holocaust Denial almost got on the list and when I tried to justify it I saw myself engaging in what was clearly motivated cognition.
This list is very preliminary. The grouping is also very tentative and could likely be easily subject to change.
Is it trust or fear that is the real problem in that case? What would you do as an average Chinese citizen who wanted to change the policy? (Then, the same question assuming you were an actual Chinese citizen who didn’t have your philosophical mind, intelligence, idealism and resourcefulness.)
It seems like it is a mix. From people I’ve spoken to in China and the impression I get from what I’ve read about the Chinese censorship, the majority of people are generally ok with letting the government control things and think that that’s really for the best. This seems to be changing slightly with the younger generation but it is hard to tell.
Good points certainly. I’m not sure any average Chinese citizen alone can do anything. If I were an actual Chinese citizen alone given my “philosophical mind, intelligence, idealism and resourcefulness,” I’m not sure I’d do anything either, not because I can’t, but because the risk would be high. It is easy to say “oh, people in X situation should do Y because that’s morally better or better for everyone overall” when one isn’t in that situation. When one’s life, family, or livelihood is the one being threatened then it is obviously going to be a lot more difficult. It isn’t that I’m a coward (although I might be) it is just that standing up to the government in that sort of situation takes a lot of courage that I’m pretty sure I (and most people) don’t have. But if the general population took an attitude that was more willing to do minor things (spread things like TOR or other methods of getting around the Great Firewall for example), then things might be different. But even that might not have a large impact.
So yeah, I may need to take this off the list.
I get the impression that overall, the younger generation is more apathetic about politics than the older one.
(Though there is also the relatively recent phenomenon of “angry youths” (fenqing), who rant on forums and such.)
Lists like that are good !
I’m a bit surprised at that one—the current Chinese government seems pretty rational and efficient to me, and I’d be hard-pressed to say what I would do differently in it’s place or rather—there are things I would do differently, but I’m not sure I’d get better results).
Control of information by the government should be seen mostly as a way of preserving it’s own power. So I’m not really sure of how to interpret “The belief that the Chinese government can be trusted to [...] decide what information they should or should not have access to.”—could you rephrase that belief so that it’s irrationality becomes more apparent, maybe tabooing “can be trusted to” ? If you mean “Chinese people wrongly believe that the government is restricting information access for their own good”, then I’m not sure that a lot of people actually believe that, and for those that do, that believing it does any harm.
Ok. My impression is that that is a common belief in China and is connected to the belief that the government doesn’t actively lie. I don’t have a very good citation for this other than general impressions so I’m going to point to a relevant blog entry by a friend who spent a few years in China where she discusses this with examples. There are of course even limits to how far that will go. This is also complicated by the fact that many of the really serious harm in China (detainment of citizens for questioning policies, beatings and torture, ignoring of basic environmental and safety issues) stem from the local governments rather than the central government, and the relationship between Beijing and the local governments is very complicated. See also my remarks above to wedrifid which touch on these issues also. So yeah, it may make sense to take this off the list given the lack of harm directly coming from this issue.
I don’t interpret the story in that blog post that way at all. People repeating nationalist lies doesn’t mean they’ve been fooled.
I highly recommend these posts about the psychology of mass lies. I don’t recommend the third part.
This one caught my eye, I don’t think I’ve seen this listed as an obvious delusion before. Can you maybe expand more on this? I guess the idea is that a much larger number of people could make use of math or science if they weren’t predisposed to think that they belong in an incapable segment?
I’m thinking of something like picking the quarter of population that scores in the bottom at a standard IQ test or the local SAT-equivalent as the “large segment of population” though. A test for basic science and mathematics skills could be being able to successfully figure out solutions for some introductionary exercises from a freshman university course in mathematics or science, given the exercise, relevant textbooks and prerequisite materials, and, say, up to a week to work out things from the textbook.
It doesn’t seem obvious to me that such a test would end up with results that would make the original assertion go straight into ‘delusion’ status. My suspicions are somewhat based on the article from a couple of years back, which claimed that many freshman computer science students seem to simple lack the basic mental model building ability needed to start comprehending programming.
Yes. And more people would go into math and science.
That’s a very interesting article. I think that the level of, and type of abstraction necessary to program is already orders of magnitude beyond where most people stop being willing to do math. My own experience in regards to tutoring students who aren’t doing well in math is that one of the primary issues is one of confidence: students of all types think they aren’t good at math and thus freeze up when they see something that is slightly different from what they’ve done before. If they understand that they aren’t bad at math or that they don’t need to be bad at math, they are much more likely to be willing to try to play around with a problem a bit rather than just panic.
I was an undergraduate at Yale which is generally considered to be a decent school that admits people who are by and large not dumb. And one thing that struck me was that even in that sort of setting, many people minimized the amount of math and science they took. When asked about it the most common claim was that they weren’t good at it. Some of those people are going to end up as future senators and congressman and have close to zero idea of how science works or how statistics work other than at the level they got from high school. If we’re lucky, they know the difference between a median and a mean.
Does anybody actually claim to believe that ?
This view is surprisingly common. I don’t want to move to much to a potentially mind-killing subject, but the idea isn’t uncommon among certain groups in US politics. Indeed, they think it so strongly about some resources that they take it almost as an ideological point. This occurs when discussing oil most frequently. Emphasis is placed on things like the Eugene Island field and abiotic oil which they argue shows we won’t run out of oil. The second is particularly galling because even if the abiotic oil hypotheses were correct the level of oil production would still be orders of magnitudes below the consumption rate. I’d point more generally to followers of Julian Simon (not Simon himself per se. His own arguments were generally more nuanced and subtle than what many people seem to get out of them).
Where would you put ‘belief in free will’ and ‘belief in determinism’?
They probably wouldn’t get anywhere on the list for the reason that a) I’m not convinced that either determinism or free will as often given are actually well-defined notions and b) I don’t see either belief as causing much harm in practice.