Another very common reason is to create a predictive model without caring about actual causation. If you can’t do interventions but would like to forecast the future, that’s all you need.
You’d also like a guarantee that others can’t do interventions, or else your measure could be gamed. (But if there’s an actual causal relationship, then ‘gaming’ isn’t really possible.)
You’d also like a guarantee that others can’t do interventions, or else your measure could be gamed. (But if there’s an actual causal relationship, then ‘gaming’ isn’t really possible.)