you wouldn’t feel that more were pretending than not.
I don’t feel that more are pretending than not. You are misunderstanding what I write, in ways that contradict my explicit statements, and at this point I’m finding it difficult to escape the conclusion that for some reason you are so anxious to see me making the mistake you wrongly think I am making that it matters little what I actually say. And, while totally misunderstanding what I write, you are being patronizing at me about it. This is slightly annoying, and I hope you will not be too badly annoyed because I am now going to be patronizing at you in turn; I have at least the excuse of actually being right.
Here is a scale drawn in beautiful ASCII. I have marked on it the left and right endpoints L and R, and two other points on the scale A and B.
L--------------------------------A-B----R
Suppose someone says: It seems to me that on this scale point A is, if anything, just slightly further towards the “left” end of that scale than point B.
I claim that (1) they are correct, (2) both A and B are in fact nearer R than L, and (3) there is no inconsistency between 1 and 2.
In case I have not yet made it sufficiently explicit:
This is very roughly how I see “faith” and “belief” in their religious context.
Both correspond to a fairly wide range of actual mental states;
the ranges overlap a lot;
they extend all the way from “outright disbelief plus deliberate lying” to “absolutely sincere and absolutely confident belief”,
they are both generally much nearer the latter than the former.
Both words are generally used to describe situations that are comfortably within the range where I will happily agree that the belief is genuine.
If you replace each of those fuzzy probability-distribution-y things with a single representative point:
Those points will both be comfortably nearer “very confident belief” than “outright disbelief”.
The point corresponding to “faith”, while comfortably nearer “very confident belief” than “outright disbelief”, will be nearer to “disbelief” than the point corresponding to “belief”.
None of that is any different from what I said before, and in particular the bits that explicitly contradict the view you are trying to foist on me are all there in the grandparent of this comment too. But perhaps I have now made it clear enough not to be misunderstood?
I don’t think you know what the word “faith” means to religious people.
Until age 36 I was actively religious myself (Christian, as it happens). My wife and plenty of my friends still are. I have run Bible studies and (to my shame) helped to lead Christian children’s holidays. I have (this proves nothing but may be some kind of evidence) more theology books still on my bookshelves than, I would guess, at least 95% of actively religious university graduates (I include the last two words because otherwise the comparison would be kinda unfair). I am, furthermore, not actually an idiot. As a consequence, I have a pretty good idea of how religious people use the words “faith” and “belief”. (Part of the answer: Different religious people, on different occasions, use them quite differently.)
You can get a (very incomplete but perhaps still informative) idea of some of what I think religious people sometimes mean by “faith” from this thing that I wrote around the time I stopped being a Christian. Or you could read C S Lewis’s essay “On obstinacy in belief” which touches on these matters, not because I agree with everything he says (that would imply still belonging to his religion, which I don’t) but because it’s a pretty good exposition of some things religious people say about faith and belief, and I’m very familiar with it, and therefore what it says is part of my understanding of how religious people use those words.
In an I-hope-not-too-futile attempt to forestall a possible objection: No, I am not saying that, e.g., what C S Lewis is describing is a matter of pretending to believe things one really doesn’t, and if you think I should be then you need to read what I wrote again until you stop thinking it, or else ask me for further clarification.
I have at least the excuse of actually being right.
I see you; do you see me?
None of that is any different from what I said before, and in particular the bits that explicitly contradict the view you are trying to foist on me are all there in the grandparent of this comment too. But perhaps I have now made it clear enough not to be misunderstood?
I think you’re wrong, and I think the reasons you are wrong are subtle. You think I’m wrong, and you appear to think the reasons I am wrong are obvious. Assume, for a moment, that I, also, am not an idiot.
You can get a (very incomplete but perhaps still informative) idea of some of what I think religious people sometimes mean by “faith” from this thing that I wrote around the time I stopped being a Christian.
I’d say the fact that you stopped being a Christian might suggest you have a different relationship to faith than those who do not. You expect “God to prove himself to man”—faith is about a belief in God, and if there’s insufficient evidence, your faith is misplaced. To a religious person, faith is about them proving themselves to God; evidence or non-evidence of God doesn’t actually enter into it.
Your comment about having faith in people is apt, but inverted; faith isn’t expecting God to live up to God’s promises, however, it’s about them living up to what God expects them to live up to. Faith isn’t trusting God, it’s living up to God’s trust in them.
Which makes more sense when you go back to the root of the word—allegiance, fidelity, loyalty. Its misuse as a referent to belief is because belief is the -first- of the loyalties (debts?) owed to God. As a virtue, it is more than belief, however.
As a word to stand in for belief—it stands in for belief on the basis of loyalty, rather than evidence. As a word to mean belief, it is inherently flawed, because that’s not what it is.
You think I’m wrong, and you appear to think the reasons I am wrong are obvious.
Well, you see, two comments ago you were telling me I was wrong for obvious reasons. You told me that I don’t understand and if I understood I wouldn’t think X, when in fact I do not think X.
I will not presume to guess how subtle the reasons are for which you are wrong. But you assuredly told me, with every sign of great confidence, that I think something I don’t in fact think. You are now doubling down (in that you continue to insist that I am wrong) while backing off (by now saying you think I’m subtly wrong, where what you were accusing me of before was in no way subtle). So I think you may if you please claim either intellectual or moral high ground here—but not both.
Assume, for a moment, that I, also, am not an idiot.
I do, I assure you.
the fact that you stopped being a Christian might suggest you have a different relationship to faith than those who do not.
No shit, Sherlock. On the other hand, (1) it’s not so clear that it means I had a different relationship to faith from that of other Christians, (2) the fact that I lived as a Christian among Christians for decades and remain married to one and friends with plenty more means that I’m not exactly starved of opportunities to discover or remind myself how they think, and (3) you are still writing as if all religious people think and feel the same way about these things, which is demonstrably false.
To a religious person, faith is about them proving themselves to God; evidence or non-evidence of God doesn’t actually enter into it. [...] Faith isn’t trusting God, it’s living up to God’s trust in them.
The New Testament’s use of phrases like “faith of X” is notoriously ambiguous, and indeed “faith” can mean “faithfulness” in the sense of trustworthiness rather than anything to do with belief. (And, I think more often, “trusting a person” rather than anything to do with factual belief.) However, I think you are simply factually wrong if you are claiming that most use of the word “faith” by religious people in general, or Christians in particular, has that meaning; and wronger than wrong if you are claiming that “faith” can’t reasonably be used to denote something closely akin to belief, which I think is what would need to be true to invalidate the suggestion that you use the word “faith” rather than “belief” to describe the particular sort of thing you feel more positive about these days than you used to.
(I remark that earlier in the thread you were clearly happy to use the word “faith” to describe a particular kind of belief or something very closely akin thereto; taking “faith” to mean anything like “trustworthiness” makes total nonsense of the comment I just linked to.)
Now, of course you may quite reasonably feel that my opinion about how Christians use the word “faith” is of no value since I am not a Christian. So let me pull a few books off my shelves and see what they say about it. (No cherry-picking; I just took the first books I found that looked like they might have something to say on the point.)
A concise dictionary of theology by O’Collins and Farruga. (Roman Catholic; the authors are Jesuits.) Entry headed “Faith”: “The objective, revealed truth believed in (fides quae) or the subjective personal commitment to God (fides qua).” (There’s more but none of it involves the idea of faith as trustworthiness.)
The Christian theology reader by McGrath. (Anglican, I think with evangelical leanings.) Three index entries under “faith, nature of”.
John Calvin. “Now we shall have a right definition of faith if we say that it is a steady and certain knowledge of the divine benevolence towards us, which is founded upon the truth of the gracious promise of God in Christ, and is both revealed to our minds and sealed in our hearts by the Holy Spirit.” (There’s more, but it’s all about belief-that founded in trust-in and experience-of.)
Martin Luther. “In the twelfth place, faith does not merely mean that the soul realizes that the divine word is full of all grace, free and holy; it also unites the soul with Christ, as a bride is united with her bridegroom.” (There’s more, expanding on that theme of unitedness. Luther’s writing here about the effects of faith rather than its definition.)
John Calvin again. “We make the foundation of faith the gracious promise, because faith properly consists of this. [Faith] is certain that God is true in everything …” (Again, there’s plenty more; Calvin wants to define “faith” to be something more than mere belief (cf. that famous bit about demons in the letter of James) but it’s clear that it’s a particular sort of belief, under particular circumstances, that he calls faith.)
A new catechism: Catholic faith for adults by various RC institutions in the Netherlands. (Roman Catholic, with liberal leanings.) This uses “faith” to mean many different things in the space of a few pages, and it’s not always clear what’s intended to define and what merely to describe. Here are some excerpts from the section headed “Faith” about half way through. “Faith is the gift of the Spirit which enables us to give ourselves entirely to him who is greater than we, and to accept his message. [...] Faith is a leap, but not an irresponsible one. It is justified by the leap itself. [...] Faith means partaking in God’s life. [...] Faith is something which we have in common. We believe together. -- We also believe for others. This is the only answer when we ask ourselves why we believe and others do not. [...] Faith means to say Yes to God’s revelation. [...] Is faith surer than science? It has a certainty of a different sort. It may be affirmed that the assent of faith is attached to the most profound of our faculties.” Etc., etc., etc. Reading the whole thing (which includes e.g. a lengthy section on the relationship between faith and doubt) I think they’re taking something-like-belief as the primary meaning and saying that it’s a consequence of God’s grace and has all sorts of other things as consequences.
That’ll do for now. The point is just this: These books—written by Christians, mostly for Christians—are utterly irreconcilable with the claim that “faith” in the Christian context mostly means something like trustworthiness. They mostly take it to mean a kind of belief or a kind of trust or both. Of course they also claim that it’s a belief-and/or-trust with a divine origin and all sorts of marvellous consequences, and that it should have consequences for how one lives; but they do not appear to agree at all with your suggestion that it’s a misuse to use “faith” to denote a kind of belief.
(They do, to be sure, make it clear that for them “faith” is not simply a synonym for “belief”, but I never said or suggested or thought that it is. I mention this merely because some of what you’ve written seems to suggest that you think I do think that.)
I should maybe add that I’ve focused on Christianity here because (1) that’s the religion I know best, (2) I’m pretty sure it’s the religion you know best, and (3) it’s one of the not-actually-so-many for which notions of “belief” and “faith” are actually a big deal.
I don’t feel that more are pretending than not. You are misunderstanding what I write, in ways that contradict my explicit statements, and at this point I’m finding it difficult to escape the conclusion that for some reason you are so anxious to see me making the mistake you wrongly think I am making that it matters little what I actually say. And, while totally misunderstanding what I write, you are being patronizing at me about it. This is slightly annoying, and I hope you will not be too badly annoyed because I am now going to be patronizing at you in turn; I have at least the excuse of actually being right.
Here is a scale drawn in beautiful ASCII. I have marked on it the left and right endpoints L and R, and two other points on the scale A and B.
L--------------------------------A-B----R
Suppose someone says: It seems to me that on this scale point A is, if anything, just slightly further towards the “left” end of that scale than point B.
I claim that (1) they are correct, (2) both A and B are in fact nearer R than L, and (3) there is no inconsistency between 1 and 2.
In case I have not yet made it sufficiently explicit:
This is very roughly how I see “faith” and “belief” in their religious context.
Both correspond to a fairly wide range of actual mental states;
the ranges overlap a lot;
they extend all the way from “outright disbelief plus deliberate lying” to “absolutely sincere and absolutely confident belief”,
they are both generally much nearer the latter than the former.
Both words are generally used to describe situations that are comfortably within the range where I will happily agree that the belief is genuine.
If you replace each of those fuzzy probability-distribution-y things with a single representative point:
Those points will both be comfortably nearer “very confident belief” than “outright disbelief”.
The point corresponding to “faith”, while comfortably nearer “very confident belief” than “outright disbelief”, will be nearer to “disbelief” than the point corresponding to “belief”.
None of that is any different from what I said before, and in particular the bits that explicitly contradict the view you are trying to foist on me are all there in the grandparent of this comment too. But perhaps I have now made it clear enough not to be misunderstood?
Until age 36 I was actively religious myself (Christian, as it happens). My wife and plenty of my friends still are. I have run Bible studies and (to my shame) helped to lead Christian children’s holidays. I have (this proves nothing but may be some kind of evidence) more theology books still on my bookshelves than, I would guess, at least 95% of actively religious university graduates (I include the last two words because otherwise the comparison would be kinda unfair). I am, furthermore, not actually an idiot. As a consequence, I have a pretty good idea of how religious people use the words “faith” and “belief”. (Part of the answer: Different religious people, on different occasions, use them quite differently.)
You can get a (very incomplete but perhaps still informative) idea of some of what I think religious people sometimes mean by “faith” from this thing that I wrote around the time I stopped being a Christian. Or you could read C S Lewis’s essay “On obstinacy in belief” which touches on these matters, not because I agree with everything he says (that would imply still belonging to his religion, which I don’t) but because it’s a pretty good exposition of some things religious people say about faith and belief, and I’m very familiar with it, and therefore what it says is part of my understanding of how religious people use those words.
In an I-hope-not-too-futile attempt to forestall a possible objection: No, I am not saying that, e.g., what C S Lewis is describing is a matter of pretending to believe things one really doesn’t, and if you think I should be then you need to read what I wrote again until you stop thinking it, or else ask me for further clarification.
I see you; do you see me?
I think you’re wrong, and I think the reasons you are wrong are subtle. You think I’m wrong, and you appear to think the reasons I am wrong are obvious. Assume, for a moment, that I, also, am not an idiot.
I’d say the fact that you stopped being a Christian might suggest you have a different relationship to faith than those who do not. You expect “God to prove himself to man”—faith is about a belief in God, and if there’s insufficient evidence, your faith is misplaced. To a religious person, faith is about them proving themselves to God; evidence or non-evidence of God doesn’t actually enter into it.
Your comment about having faith in people is apt, but inverted; faith isn’t expecting God to live up to God’s promises, however, it’s about them living up to what God expects them to live up to. Faith isn’t trusting God, it’s living up to God’s trust in them.
Which makes more sense when you go back to the root of the word—allegiance, fidelity, loyalty. Its misuse as a referent to belief is because belief is the -first- of the loyalties (debts?) owed to God. As a virtue, it is more than belief, however.
As a word to stand in for belief—it stands in for belief on the basis of loyalty, rather than evidence. As a word to mean belief, it is inherently flawed, because that’s not what it is.
Well, you see, two comments ago you were telling me I was wrong for obvious reasons. You told me that I don’t understand and if I understood I wouldn’t think X, when in fact I do not think X.
I will not presume to guess how subtle the reasons are for which you are wrong. But you assuredly told me, with every sign of great confidence, that I think something I don’t in fact think. You are now doubling down (in that you continue to insist that I am wrong) while backing off (by now saying you think I’m subtly wrong, where what you were accusing me of before was in no way subtle). So I think you may if you please claim either intellectual or moral high ground here—but not both.
I do, I assure you.
No shit, Sherlock. On the other hand, (1) it’s not so clear that it means I had a different relationship to faith from that of other Christians, (2) the fact that I lived as a Christian among Christians for decades and remain married to one and friends with plenty more means that I’m not exactly starved of opportunities to discover or remind myself how they think, and (3) you are still writing as if all religious people think and feel the same way about these things, which is demonstrably false.
The New Testament’s use of phrases like “faith of X” is notoriously ambiguous, and indeed “faith” can mean “faithfulness” in the sense of trustworthiness rather than anything to do with belief. (And, I think more often, “trusting a person” rather than anything to do with factual belief.) However, I think you are simply factually wrong if you are claiming that most use of the word “faith” by religious people in general, or Christians in particular, has that meaning; and wronger than wrong if you are claiming that “faith” can’t reasonably be used to denote something closely akin to belief, which I think is what would need to be true to invalidate the suggestion that you use the word “faith” rather than “belief” to describe the particular sort of thing you feel more positive about these days than you used to.
(I remark that earlier in the thread you were clearly happy to use the word “faith” to describe a particular kind of belief or something very closely akin thereto; taking “faith” to mean anything like “trustworthiness” makes total nonsense of the comment I just linked to.)
Now, of course you may quite reasonably feel that my opinion about how Christians use the word “faith” is of no value since I am not a Christian. So let me pull a few books off my shelves and see what they say about it. (No cherry-picking; I just took the first books I found that looked like they might have something to say on the point.)
A concise dictionary of theology by O’Collins and Farruga. (Roman Catholic; the authors are Jesuits.) Entry headed “Faith”: “The objective, revealed truth believed in (fides quae) or the subjective personal commitment to God (fides qua).” (There’s more but none of it involves the idea of faith as trustworthiness.)
The Christian theology reader by McGrath. (Anglican, I think with evangelical leanings.) Three index entries under “faith, nature of”.
John Calvin. “Now we shall have a right definition of faith if we say that it is a steady and certain knowledge of the divine benevolence towards us, which is founded upon the truth of the gracious promise of God in Christ, and is both revealed to our minds and sealed in our hearts by the Holy Spirit.” (There’s more, but it’s all about belief-that founded in trust-in and experience-of.)
Martin Luther. “In the twelfth place, faith does not merely mean that the soul realizes that the divine word is full of all grace, free and holy; it also unites the soul with Christ, as a bride is united with her bridegroom.” (There’s more, expanding on that theme of unitedness. Luther’s writing here about the effects of faith rather than its definition.)
John Calvin again. “We make the foundation of faith the gracious promise, because faith properly consists of this. [Faith] is certain that God is true in everything …” (Again, there’s plenty more; Calvin wants to define “faith” to be something more than mere belief (cf. that famous bit about demons in the letter of James) but it’s clear that it’s a particular sort of belief, under particular circumstances, that he calls faith.)
A new catechism: Catholic faith for adults by various RC institutions in the Netherlands. (Roman Catholic, with liberal leanings.) This uses “faith” to mean many different things in the space of a few pages, and it’s not always clear what’s intended to define and what merely to describe. Here are some excerpts from the section headed “Faith” about half way through. “Faith is the gift of the Spirit which enables us to give ourselves entirely to him who is greater than we, and to accept his message. [...] Faith is a leap, but not an irresponsible one. It is justified by the leap itself. [...] Faith means partaking in God’s life. [...] Faith is something which we have in common. We believe together. -- We also believe for others. This is the only answer when we ask ourselves why we believe and others do not. [...] Faith means to say Yes to God’s revelation. [...] Is faith surer than science? It has a certainty of a different sort. It may be affirmed that the assent of faith is attached to the most profound of our faculties.” Etc., etc., etc. Reading the whole thing (which includes e.g. a lengthy section on the relationship between faith and doubt) I think they’re taking something-like-belief as the primary meaning and saying that it’s a consequence of God’s grace and has all sorts of other things as consequences.
That’ll do for now. The point is just this: These books—written by Christians, mostly for Christians—are utterly irreconcilable with the claim that “faith” in the Christian context mostly means something like trustworthiness. They mostly take it to mean a kind of belief or a kind of trust or both. Of course they also claim that it’s a belief-and/or-trust with a divine origin and all sorts of marvellous consequences, and that it should have consequences for how one lives; but they do not appear to agree at all with your suggestion that it’s a misuse to use “faith” to denote a kind of belief.
(They do, to be sure, make it clear that for them “faith” is not simply a synonym for “belief”, but I never said or suggested or thought that it is. I mention this merely because some of what you’ve written seems to suggest that you think I do think that.)
I should maybe add that I’ve focused on Christianity here because (1) that’s the religion I know best, (2) I’m pretty sure it’s the religion you know best, and (3) it’s one of the not-actually-so-many for which notions of “belief” and “faith” are actually a big deal.