What happened in the 1200s is that Mongols had a few exceptionally good leaders
It’s consistent with the overhang model that a new phase needs ingredients A, B, C, … X, Y, Z. When you only have A, … X it doesn’t work. Then Y and Z come, it all falls into place and there’s a rapid and disruptive change. In this case maybe Y and Z were good leaders or something. I don’t want to take too strong a position on this, as given my research it seems there is still debate among specialists about what exactly the key ingredients were.
It’s consistent with the overhang model that a new phase needs ingredients A, B, C, … X, Y, Z. When you only have A, … X it doesn’t work. Then Y and Z come, it all falls into place and there’s a rapid and disruptive change. In this case maybe Y and Z were good leaders or something. I don’t want to take too strong a position on this, as given my research it seems there is still debate among specialists about what exactly the key ingredients were.