First question: should there be parties at all? Though some people would disagree, I’d suggest that parties play an inevitable, and in some regards a positive, role in a political process. Yes, they do have bad effects, such as mind-killing tribal thinking;
What evidence do you have that this is an effect of political parties?
The US has weak political parties where the head of the party is a minor political figure. Germany has a system where the head of a party has a lot more influence and there’s also less tribalism.
I don’t have systematic evidence for that, so I guess I should qualify it. Personally, I’m not particularly anti-partisan, so I was just trying to quickly and fairly summarize the best anti-party arguments I’ve heard.
What evidence do you have that this is an effect of political parties?
The US has weak political parties where the head of the party is a minor political figure. Germany has a system where the head of a party has a lot more influence and there’s also less tribalism.
I don’t have systematic evidence for that, so I guess I should qualify it. Personally, I’m not particularly anti-partisan, so I was just trying to quickly and fairly summarize the best anti-party arguments I’ve heard.