Hm. I think you can dissolve the perceived question-begging by replacing “values” with its substance:
How does the genome, in the presence of e.g. modern Western culture, reliably form decision-influences which push the person to e.g. take actions which increase the welfare of their family and friends? (i.e. where do friendship-shards come from?)
We’re then asking a relatively well-defined question with a guaranteed-to-exist answer.
Hm. I think you can dissolve the perceived question-begging by replacing “values” with its substance:
We’re then asking a relatively well-defined question with a guaranteed-to-exist answer.