I don’t see how “2.5 batteries” could mean “independence from fossil fuels”.
Thomas
Karma: 780
Perhaps, it’s not you who is missing something.
I recently discovered there’s no closed-form formula for the circumference of an ellipse
Yes. I’ve asked the computer, to give me some simple approximation formula then. This came out:
It’s quite good when b >> a.
Well, Oracle, which under 1000 words question, would be answered by the most influential answer for our future? What answer to which question would be the most earthshattering?
CROSSPOST from my blog:
https://protokol2020.wordpress.com/2020/03/27/covid-19-a-view-to-a-kill
The R0 factor for this illness, which denotes the average number of people infected by a carrier, isn’t a constant, it’s a function of time. R0 = R0 (time). In fact, it’s a function of more parameters and not just time. For example, if quarantined, R0 should be close to 0. There are many unknown factors here, of course, some even known. Some push this now well known R0 term bellow 1, others above 1. It’s all about reducing R0 below 1, and the illness will die out. Otherwise, the number of sick people will go through the roof, by the exponential growth function manner.
All of the above is very well known and understood and repeated over and over again now.
Then you get infected, you caught the virus somehow, what now? Your cells will spread the virus among each other by the factor R0IC !
R0IC is the average number of cells, one infected cell will further infect on average. “IC” in standing for “Inter-Cellular”. This is again not a constant but is a function of time and many other known and unknown factors. For example time, temperature, the immune system activity and so on. R0IC = R0IC (t, T, ISactivity, …, ). At least as complex as the transmission factor R0 between humans, is the transmission factor R0IC between cells. When R0 falls bellow 1 for a considerable time period, the epidemics burn out. When R0IC falls bellow 1 for a considerable time period, the particular human’s illness burns out.
The last paragraph above is a less well-known fact, but it’s a fact none the less. Spreading of this virus among cells, in a way closely imitates the spreading among humans. Medical doctors and medical nurses work hard to minimize R0IC in already infected people. They might call it differently, but it is what it is. Stoping the intercellular infection, “flattening the curve” inside the patient’s body, “delaying the disease” inside the patient’s lungs—you name it! Medical professionals thus “delay the disease” inside you, hoping that the immune system will kick in and do the same until done.
Now, when you are infected and breath, you inhale more or less clean air and exhale quite a lot of viruses. Soon, you are inhaling some previously exhaled viruses back and some of those might infect an additional lung cell. By breathing through SCUBA, there are no previously exhaled viruses and therefore this R0IC should go down slightly, shouldn’t it? By breathing some higher oxygen concentrations than normal, this R0IC should go down even more. Since oxygen is a bit toxic for COVID-19.
By breathing some WARMER air than normal, this R0IC should go down even more, since the COVID-19 virus doesn’t like hot air, does it? Especially if the air is salty or smells of some detergent, pure alcohol and so on, it’s killing the viruses. Some even inside your nose and downward, perhaps.
Then, you may, sometimes after infection, during the asymptomatic phase, run up the hill in sunny weather. Puffing like an old locomotive, you will exhale a lot of viruses. Fortunately, nobody is with you and those exhaled viruses will die under the Sun. Again, you even so slightly decreased the R0IC factor and “flattened the curve” of the internal infection between your cells. You may as well try to inhale some eucalyptus hot vapors under the towel, as they suggest already. Perhaps you should insulate yourself in a sauna. Not too hot, not too humid, but just enough for you to survive and not the virus. Under medical control, of course!
And then perhaps, medical doctors should think about their doctrinal procedures for COVID-19 in this light and to refine these suggestions above considerably. I am no medical doctor! But then again, Marylin Vos Savant was no mathematician either but gave a valuable lesson to Paul Erdos himself. There are times when IQ matters the most.
Anyway. When and if you are infected with COVID-19, in the presymptomatic phase, keep the R0IC down as much as you possibly can. The second symptomatic phase may never come. Doing so, you will (ever so slightly) lower the R0 too!
DISCLAIMER: This is not official medical advice, not even unofficial medical advice. Contact your MD if or when feel ill!
https://www.oecd.org/going-digital/ai/principles/
Either I have no clue, either …
OECD agenda [Link]
I’ve done some benchmarking in 2018. I benchmarked an “AI software” we devised, by some benchmarks mostly I invented, too. Which doesn’t look very good, I know, but bear with me!
For one, I have given an unsolved Sudoku puzzle to this software with two working names, “Spector” and/or “Profounder”. It concluded, that for every X and every Y: X==Y implies that column(X) != column(Y) and row(X)!=row(Y). (Zero Sudoku topic knowledge by Spector is, of course, a necessary condition.)
With several unsolved Sudoku puzzles, Spector concluded that subsquare(X) != subsquare(Y). Just for one puzzle, the concept of “3 by 3 subsquare” isn’t economical. It’s economical for several of them, though.
The second benchmark I invented, was giving the string “ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUWXYZ” to Spector. The string generating algorithm would be simpler if the letter “V” wasn’t missing. This is the way Spector notices something might be wrong with the given string. (Zero alphabet topic knowledge by Spector is, of course, a necessary condition.)Yet another benchmark was numbers from 3 to 122. Each labeled by 0 or 1, depends if it’s nonprime or prime. The simplest generating algorithm is a sort of Eratosthenes sieve. Not for numbers, but for their labels. Spector finds and generates it, with zero knowledge about primes.
Another benchmark was inspired by a mistake someone made. There is a nursing school here somewhere, which sends their students to practice in a nearby hospital for a day or two every week. Except for freshmen in the first year. They teach them everything else in this school, of course, including the gym (boys and girls separated there) and they feed them all once a day, too. It’s standard in this part of the world. But the school does not feed them when they are at the hospital.
So they forget to feed girls from 2B department on Thursdays when they are in school. They forget to include that into their schedule. Boys from 2B have eaten while girls were exercising, but poor girls were forgotten and nobody noticed.
I asked Spector, giving him the school schedule in CSV format if anything is wrong with it. Spector did conclude, that every student has a lunch break once a day when not practicing, except for those girls on Thursday. Which was (probability-wise) odd enough to be significant.
Spector/Profounder is all about one mayor and three to five lesser tricks. To find a generating algorithm for every part of any data it gets. This is the mayor. Then to see if some small data alteration would mean a significantly simpler generation. Then to evaluate the probabilities and needed complexities. And then Spector also asks itself, what data changes are possible but which conserve already observed rules. Which is particularly handy in the unsolved Sudoku case for example.
We will do some more benchmarking this year.
For Eve and her apple pieces. She may eat one piece per second and stay in Paradise forever because at any given moment only a finite number of pieces has been eaten by her.
If her eating pace doubles every minute, she is still okay forever.
Only if she, for example, doubles her eating pace after every say 100 pieces eaten, then she is in trouble. If she supertasks.
I tend to agree. I don’t know is it just a habit or something else, like a conservative profile of myself and many others, but that doesn’t really matter.
The new site isn’t that much better. Should be substantially better than this one for a smooth transition.
Please, focus only on what has been said and not on how it has been said.
Now, there is a possibility that all is wrong from my side. Of course I think how right I am, but everybody thinks that anyway. Including this Temple guy with his “don’t code yet”! I wonder what people here think about that.
One more disagreement perhaps. I do think that this AlphaGo Zero piece of code is an astonishing example of AI programming, but I have some deep doubts about Watson. It was great back then in 2011, but now they seem stuck to me.
Knowledge is information error-corrected (adapted) to a purpose (problem).
No. Knowledge is just information. If you have some information how to solve a particular problem, it’s still “just information”.
There are no hard and fast rules about how error-corrected or to what
Those rules are just some information, some data. How “fast and hard” are they? When there is a perfect data about the fastest checking algorithm, then it’s still “just data”.
The field started coding too early and is largely wasting its time.
Perhaps. How do you know what people know and who is coding already, prematurely or not?
If you joined the field, I would recommend you do not code stuff.
I wouldn’t give such an advice to everybody. I don’t know what some people might know. Let them code, if they wish to.
Certain philosophy progress is needed before coding.
I agree, that you need some philosophy progress, you don’t know if all others need that too. At least some may be completely unknown to you or to me.
good non-AGI work (e.g. alpha go zero, watson)
Isn’t their coding premature as well?
which they hope will somehow generalize to AGI (it won’t, though some techniques may turn out to be useful due to being good work and having reach)
I am not as sure as you are. They hope they will do something, you hope they will not. That’s all.
wasting their time
Maybe you are a time waster Mr. Temple, yourself. Your claim that “coding AGI” is premature is just a guess. It’s always possible that one is wrong, but saying “you people don’t have the right theory, stop coding” … is super-wrong. You don’t know that. Nobody knows, what somebody else might know already.
people are super focused on predictions but not explanations.
A good prediction can only be done if you have a good theory/model about the mechanisms involved. So every decent predictor models anyway. The best predictor possible has a correct model. Which doesn’t always imply that its predictions are right. Sometimes there isn’t enough data for that. Even in principle. But to predict is to model!
some even deny there are non-empirical fields like philosophy
Some are dirty bastards also, and some have friends in low places and aunts in Australia. But you seem to imply, that all should share your view about “non-empirical fields like philosophy”. Yeah, right.
It has been enough. At least my last remark I gave, was already unnecessary.
I don’t like it, at all.
As you see, my argumentation for that is just like yours. Nonexistent.
Open thread, September 25 - October 1, 2017
There are 143 primes between 100 and 999. We can, therefore, make 2,924,207 3x3 different squares with 3 horizontal primes. 50,621 of them have all three vertical numbers prime. About 1.7%.
There are 1061 primes between 1000 and 9999. We can, therefore, make 1,267,247,769,841 4x4 different squares with 4 horizontal primes. 406,721,511 of them have all four vertical numbers prime. About 0.032%.
I strongly suspect that this goes to 0, quite rapidly.
How many Sudokus can you get with 9 digit primes horizontally and vertically?
Not a single one. Which is quite obvious when you consider that you can’t have a 2, 4, 6, or 8 in the bottom row. But you have to, to have a Sudoku, by the definition.
It’s a bit analogous situation here.
Say, that we have N-1 lines, with N-1 primes. Each N digits. What we now need is an N digit prime number to put it below.
Its most significant digit may be 1, 3, 7 or 9. Otherwise, the leftmost vertical number wouldn’t be prime. If the sum of all N-1 other rightmost digits is X, then:
If X mod 3 = 0, then just 1 and 7 are possible, otherwise the leftmost vertical would be divisible by 3. If X mod 3 = 1, then 1, 3, 7 and 9 are possible. If X mod 3 = 2, then just 3 and 9 are possible, otherwise the leftmost vertical would be divisible by 3.
The probability is (1/3)*(((1+2+1)/5))=4/15 that the first digit fits. (4/15)^N, that all N digit fit.
Actually, we must consider the probability of divisibility by 11, which is roughly 1⁄11, which further reduces 4⁄15 per number to 40⁄165. And with 7 … and so on.
For the divisibility with 3, we render out not only one permutation of N-1 primes but all of them. For the divisibilty with 11, some of them.
It’s quite complicated.
Interesting line of inferring… I am quite aware how dense primes are, but that might not be enough.
I have counted all these 4x4 (decimal) crossprimes. There are 913,425,530 of them if leading zeros are allowed. But only 406,721,511 without leading zeros.
if leading zeros ARE allowed, then there are certainly arbitrary large crossprimes out there. But if leading zeros aren’t allowed, I am not that sure. I have no proof, of course.
Well, I said something in line with “people may need some stuff to live and declaring that we should “put people before that stuff” is a silly way to present the situation”. Maybe not as silly as it’s a demagoguery.
But then I changed my mind and decided to not participate in a discussion at all. But somehow couldn’t erase this now empty box.
After some time, a new math puzzle.
https://protokol2020.wordpress.com/2021/04/17/pizzeria-at-the-end-of-the-world/