I would call it a tie:
Since 1972, the Nasdaq 100 has experienced slightly higher annual returns (10.8%) than the S&P 500 (10.5%), but it has also experienced much higher volatility.
During the bull markets, the Nasdaq 100 has crushed the S&P 500 (the 1990s and the post-2008 market).
However, during bear markets, the S&P 500 has performed much better than the Nasdaq 100 (1973-1974, early 2000s, the 2008 financial crisis).
The Nasdaq 100 beat the S&P 500 in 25 out of these 46 years (54% of years).
Tl;dr markets are hard to beat, but it’s not impossible. Case in point, there is probably alpha in understanding AI’s impact but it’s very hard to time and finance the associated bets