I think it’s probably useful to taboo the word “should” for this discussion. I think when people say you “should” do X rather than Y it means something like “experience indicates X is more likely to lead to a good outcome than Y”. People tend to have rule-based rather than consequence based moral systems because the full consequences of one’s actions are unforeseeable. A rule like “one shouldn’t lie” comes about because experience has shown that lying often has negative consequences for the speaker and listener and possibly others as well, although the particular consequences of a particular lie may be unforeseeable.
I don’t see how there can be agreement as to moral principles unless there is first a reasonably good agreement as to what constitutes good and bad final states.
I think it’s probably useful to taboo the word “should” for this discussion. I think when people say you “should” do X rather than Y it means something like “experience indicates X is more likely to lead to a good outcome than Y”. People tend to have rule-based rather than consequence based moral systems because the full consequences of one’s actions are unforeseeable. A rule like “one shouldn’t lie” comes about because experience has shown that lying often has negative consequences for the speaker and listener and possibly others as well, although the particular consequences of a particular lie may be unforeseeable.
I don’t see how there can be agreement as to moral principles unless there is first a reasonably good agreement as to what constitutes good and bad final states.