Random thoughts. You can relatively simply get a global phase factor at each timestep if you want. I don;t think a global phase factor at each step really counts as meaningfully different though. Anyway, as an example of this:
f(xk−1,xk,xk+1)=xk−1
So that, at each (classical) timestep every single element of the CA tape just moves one step to the right. (So any patterns of 1′s and 0′s just orbit the tape in circles forever, unchanging.). Its quite a boring CA, but a simple example.
We can take the quantum CA that is exactly the same, but with some complex phase factor:
fq(xk−1,xk,xk+1,yk)=δykxk−1exp(iθ)
Where the delta function is saying “1 iff yk=xk−1 , else 0.”
This is exactly the same as the old classical one (everything moves on step to the right), but this time we also have a global phase factor applied to the total system. The total phase factor is exp(iθN), where N is the total number of cells on the tape.
Tiny bit more interesting:
fq(xk−1,xk,xk+1,yk)=δykxk−1exp(iθxk−1)
Now we only gain phase factors on values of 1, so the global phase depends on the total number of 1′s on the tape, rather than its length.
To get proper quantum stuff we need phase factors that are not global. (IE some relative phases). I feel like this equation below is a reasonable kind of place to start, but I have run out of time for now so might return to this later.
Random thoughts. You can relatively simply get a global phase factor at each timestep if you want. I don;t think a global phase factor at each step really counts as meaningfully different though. Anyway, as an example of this:
f(xk−1,xk,xk+1)=xk−1
So that, at each (classical) timestep every single element of the CA tape just moves one step to the right. (So any patterns of 1′s and 0′s just orbit the tape in circles forever, unchanging.). Its quite a boring CA, but a simple example.
We can take the quantum CA that is exactly the same, but with some complex phase factor:
fq(xk−1,xk,xk+1,yk)=δykxk−1exp(iθ)
Where the delta function is saying “1 iff yk=xk−1 , else 0.”
This is exactly the same as the old classical one (everything moves on step to the right), but this time we also have a global phase factor applied to the total system. The total phase factor is exp(iθN), where N is the total number of cells on the tape.
Tiny bit more interesting:
fq(xk−1,xk,xk+1,yk)=δykxk−1exp(iθxk−1)
Now we only gain phase factors on values of 1, so the global phase depends on the total number of 1′s on the tape, rather than its length.
To get proper quantum stuff we need phase factors that are not global. (IE some relative phases). I feel like this equation below is a reasonable kind of place to start, but I have run out of time for now so might return to this later.
fq(xk−1,xk,xk+1,yk)=(1/√2)[δykxk−1exp(iθ)+δykxk+1exp(−iθ)]