Studies, no. I wrote a book (ubersleepbook.com, if ya’ll don’t mind me dropping that link—if it’s verboten, I’ll remove it and sorry) that compiles as much as I’ve been able to get ahold of as far as information after a decade of running a site and communicating with people on the subject, and it has chapters that address your other two (very good!) questions. The short answer is: AFTER adaptation, polyphasic sleep copes with events (including sickness, travel, and “just life”) just like monophasic sleep does, only in a compressed / hyperefficient manner. DURING adaptation it’s super strict and will get thrown off by these, but once it’s well-ingrained, things work surprisingly similarly—just shorter.
Studies, no. I wrote a book (ubersleepbook.com, if ya’ll don’t mind me dropping that link—if it’s verboten, I’ll remove it and sorry) that compiles as much as I’ve been able to get ahold of as far as information after a decade of running a site and communicating with people on the subject, and it has chapters that address your other two (very good!) questions. The short answer is: AFTER adaptation, polyphasic sleep copes with events (including sickness, travel, and “just life”) just like monophasic sleep does, only in a compressed / hyperefficient manner. DURING adaptation it’s super strict and will get thrown off by these, but once it’s well-ingrained, things work surprisingly similarly—just shorter.