Hopefully, you have gained some intuition for why Shapley values are “fair” and why they account for interactions among players.
The article fails to make a key point: in political economy and game theory, there are many definitions of “fairness” that seem plausible at face value, especially when considered one at a time. Even if one puts normative questions to the side, there are mathematical limits and constraints as one tries to satisfy various combinations simultaneously. Keeping these in mind, you can think of this as a design problem; it takes some care to choose metrics that reinforce some set of desired norms.
The article fails to make a key point: in political economy and game theory, there are many definitions of “fairness” that seem plausible at face value, especially when considered one at a time. Even if one puts normative questions to the side, there are mathematical limits and constraints as one tries to satisfy various combinations simultaneously. Keeping these in mind, you can think of this as a design problem; it takes some care to choose metrics that reinforce some set of desired norms.