I found this article both interesting and informative. I definitely plan to spend some time studying picoeconomics.
One interesting effect that I have found in personal productivity efforts is that applying techniques to enforce resolution and overcome passive resistance can change the perceived emotional weighting between alternatives, often quite rapidly.
For example, let’s say I’m reading LW instead of writing a term paper. I’ve made a (probably irrational) decision that the negative emotion of exerting the effort to write the term paper exceeds the negative emotion of having an incomplete assignment hanging over me. If I apply a pattern interrupt to get me started writing, my emotional weighting will shift, often within a matter of minutes—the effort of writing will not feel nearly as bad as the pressure of the unfinished assignment. Overcoming the emotional inertia of passive resistance shifts the perceived emotional weight of the alternatives.
Of course the challenge is to translate that knowledge into action. Even though I know that the emotional balance will likely shift, that doesn’t alter the feeling of initial resistance. That challenge has sold and will continue to sell millions of self help books :) It’s like an arms race between future/planning self and present moment self. For every pattern interrupt devised by future self, present self finds a defense to defuse the pattern interrupt and continue the present moment pleasurable activity.
The irony of reading LW as a present moment escape under the nominal guise of strengthening future self’s ability to keep present self on course is not lost on me. And on that note, I’m off to get some work done.
You’ve actually missed a key distinction here: the negative emotion of the incomplete assignment is almost certainly what makes you procrastinate… and you’re mistakenly interpreting that negative emotion as being about the writing.
What happens is this: since you feel the unfinished item pressure every time you think about doing the task, you literally condition yourself to feel bad about doing the task. It becomes a cached thought (actually a cached somatic marker) tagging the task with the same unpleasantness as the unpleasantness of it “hanging over you”.
So, it’s not that the process of writing really bothers you, it’s the unfinishedness of the task that’s bothering you. However, your logical brain assumes that it means you don’t want to write (because it doesn’t have any built-in grasp of how emotional conditioning works), and so it looks for logical explanations why the writing would be hard.
When you’re busy writing, however, you’re not thinking about that unfinishedness, so it doesn’t come up—the somatic marker isn’t being triggered. That’s not at all the same thing as “shifting the balance”.
The actual way to fix this is to make it so you don’t feel any pressure to finish the assignment… at which point you’ll be able to freely choose to work on it, or not work on it, and won’t find yourself looking for ways to avoid the conditioned negative response to the assignment.
Likewise, all the stuff you said about arms races is pure baloney: just a crazy story your logical mind is making up to explain your problems, like anosognosia of the will.
So here’s what you do: establish a test for the somatic marker, by thinking about the task, and observing what happens to your body: does your head slump? Your gut clench? Fists tighten? What specific body changes take place, whenever you think about it? If you have trouble, clear your mind, shake out your body, and think about it again, so you can watch the physical state transition as it happens.
Once you’ve established the test, you can use it as a basis to check the effectiveness of different motivational or belief-change techniques: if a technique actually works, you will no longer respond with the same somatic marker to the original thought… and you will find that your inclinations to the task have also changed.
This is something I do in my work, and I only teach those few techniques (out of the many thousands in self-help books) that I have been able to successfully change somatic markers with. (Not that I’ve tested ALL of them yet, not by a long shot. And I only bother testing new ones when they have potential to be faster to use or easier to teach or cover a different kind of problem than the ones in my current toolbox.)
In the middle of some useful task, I have more than once said to myself: “I am not hearing any crap about how I never get around to anything, because however true it might be at any other time, I am doing something useful right now. Anything that needs to be said about the need to do things will have to wait for a time when I’m not doing things!” This works very well for me.
Thank you for your thoughtful response. As it happens, I disagree with your premise that the negative emotion of the incomplete assignment is almost certainly what makes me procrastinate. Yes, that’s a potential factor, but only one of many. For example, there’s the difference between anticipated and actual difficulty of performing a procrastinated task progress.
But in the the spirit of rationality, I will give your suggestions a fair trial. You are absolutely correct that the most effective way to figure out what works is to use the scientific approach—design an experiment to test the hypothesis, test, assess the results, and go from there.
You are absolutely correct that the most effective way to figure out what works is to use the scientific approach—design an experiment to test the hypothesis, test, assess the results, and go from there.
In this case, the hypothesis I bet on is:
You will identify a specific set of physical behaviors (muscle tension changes, viscera sensations, etc.) that accompany the thought
These behaviors are preceded by some mental representation (however brief) of some expected result—such as being yelled at for not finishing the task, or some other social status-impacting event that could come about as a result of failing to complete it successfully or failing to complete it at all
Identifying and changing the thought process that led to creating and caching the expected outcome, will result in the cached thought going away, and possibly taking the somatic marker with it, or at least diminishing it in intensity. If the somatic marker remains or is replaced by a new one, there will be a new cached thought that goes with it.
There are exceptions to this pattern; some somatic markers are straight-up conditioning (i.e., there’s no cached predictive thought in play—the marker is directly tied to the initial thought), and some are rooted in what I call “holes in the soul”—a compulsion to fulfill an emotional need that’s not being otherwise met. But most chronic procrastination in my experience follows the “main sequence” I’ve outlined above.
I used to waste a LOT of time helping people get over the “effort” they perceived associated with doing things… only to find out that it was 99% anosognosia—misdirected explanations of the pain.
If we don’t feel pushed to do something in the first place, then we don’t usually experience the time spent as being effortful. So nowadays, I get results a lot faster by focusing on eliminating a handful of feelings associated with NOT doing the task, than the seemingly infinite number of new complaints people can generate about DOING the task.
I really like pbjeby’s advice and I think it applies to many types of procrastinating where we have negative feelings associated with the future task (which we can make worse through classical conditioning); the only part of his post I disagree with is his reduction of Mike’s problem to negative emotion about the incomplete task. I agree with Mike that pleasure in our current activity can also be a part of procrastination, not just displeasure about the future task.
For instance, I often have trouble stopping reading in order to do incomplete work, but I also have trouble stopping reading to make myself go to bed, even when I’m tired. Now, I enjoy sleeping, and I don’t feel negative emotion about it: I just take even more pleasure in reading. Yet, my goal was to go to bed on time.
I agree with Mike that pleasure in our current activity can also be a part of procrastination, not just displeasure about the future task.
It can be… but rarely is in people who suffer from chronic procrastination. Usually, they don’t enjoy the thing they’re using as an escape. And I’m not aware of anybody who goes out of their way to do something they REALLY enjoy when they’re procrastinating. Usually, they go for mind-numbing distraction rather than true involvement or enjoyment.
For the most part, this is one of those areas where trusting your rational mind will lead you astray, because it’s just telling you rational lies. It doesn’t know what’s actually going on, and so just makes up believable stories—“that terrible LessWrong.com site tempted me and made me avoid my work...”
And this is especially likely to be the case if you’re also ashamed of the bad feelings you have about the task...
For instance, I often have trouble stopping reading in order to do incomplete work, but I also have trouble stopping reading to make myself go to bed, even when I’m tired. Now, I enjoy sleeping, and I don’t feel negative emotion about it: I just take even more pleasure in reading. Yet, my goal was to go to bed on time.
Quite so… but that’s not something I think of as procrastination. It might be akrasia, but if you told that story to a “real” procrastinator, they might find it insulting.
One reason I’m a bit passionate about this, is that while the things you’re saying may be true for you, they are not true for chronic procrastination, and not what a procrastinator needs to hear in order to get better. It’s akin to telling an alcoholic that lots of people can handle their liquor. It might be possible to teach the alcoholic to handle their liquor, but that’s definitely not the first order of business: detoxification is.
Negative emotions (and “seriousness” in most forms) are to a procrastinator what alcohol is to an alcoholic: a drug addiction with serious real-life impact.
(Really, it’s only been in the last few weeks that it’s even occurred to me myself that negative emotions and seriousness have some practical uses, once you’re no longer addicted to them. And I’m still trying to get used to the idea, because I’ve spent the last year and a half or so trying to eradicate them from my life.)
Here’s my current interpretation of where pleasure in the current activity comes into it for me: I would play a computer game, which I think should be pleasurable, and used to be, but feel guilty about procrastinating about something else, so I didn’t enjoy it as much, or perhaps at all.
If I think about stopping before I’ve gotten the expected enjoyment, that is unpleasant, so I would avoid stopping or thinking about stopping. I would stop eventually and feel bad about having wasted so much time.
It’s not so much that that I picked a game was inherently mind-numbing or unenjoyable, but that I turned it into something mind-numbing because I was avoiding these unpleasant thoughts.
I found this article both interesting and informative. I definitely plan to spend some time studying picoeconomics.
One interesting effect that I have found in personal productivity efforts is that applying techniques to enforce resolution and overcome passive resistance can change the perceived emotional weighting between alternatives, often quite rapidly.
For example, let’s say I’m reading LW instead of writing a term paper. I’ve made a (probably irrational) decision that the negative emotion of exerting the effort to write the term paper exceeds the negative emotion of having an incomplete assignment hanging over me. If I apply a pattern interrupt to get me started writing, my emotional weighting will shift, often within a matter of minutes—the effort of writing will not feel nearly as bad as the pressure of the unfinished assignment. Overcoming the emotional inertia of passive resistance shifts the perceived emotional weight of the alternatives.
Of course the challenge is to translate that knowledge into action. Even though I know that the emotional balance will likely shift, that doesn’t alter the feeling of initial resistance. That challenge has sold and will continue to sell millions of self help books :) It’s like an arms race between future/planning self and present moment self. For every pattern interrupt devised by future self, present self finds a defense to defuse the pattern interrupt and continue the present moment pleasurable activity.
The irony of reading LW as a present moment escape under the nominal guise of strengthening future self’s ability to keep present self on course is not lost on me. And on that note, I’m off to get some work done.
You’ve actually missed a key distinction here: the negative emotion of the incomplete assignment is almost certainly what makes you procrastinate… and you’re mistakenly interpreting that negative emotion as being about the writing.
What happens is this: since you feel the unfinished item pressure every time you think about doing the task, you literally condition yourself to feel bad about doing the task. It becomes a cached thought (actually a cached somatic marker) tagging the task with the same unpleasantness as the unpleasantness of it “hanging over you”.
So, it’s not that the process of writing really bothers you, it’s the unfinishedness of the task that’s bothering you. However, your logical brain assumes that it means you don’t want to write (because it doesn’t have any built-in grasp of how emotional conditioning works), and so it looks for logical explanations why the writing would be hard.
When you’re busy writing, however, you’re not thinking about that unfinishedness, so it doesn’t come up—the somatic marker isn’t being triggered. That’s not at all the same thing as “shifting the balance”.
The actual way to fix this is to make it so you don’t feel any pressure to finish the assignment… at which point you’ll be able to freely choose to work on it, or not work on it, and won’t find yourself looking for ways to avoid the conditioned negative response to the assignment.
Likewise, all the stuff you said about arms races is pure baloney: just a crazy story your logical mind is making up to explain your problems, like anosognosia of the will.
So here’s what you do: establish a test for the somatic marker, by thinking about the task, and observing what happens to your body: does your head slump? Your gut clench? Fists tighten? What specific body changes take place, whenever you think about it? If you have trouble, clear your mind, shake out your body, and think about it again, so you can watch the physical state transition as it happens.
Once you’ve established the test, you can use it as a basis to check the effectiveness of different motivational or belief-change techniques: if a technique actually works, you will no longer respond with the same somatic marker to the original thought… and you will find that your inclinations to the task have also changed.
This is something I do in my work, and I only teach those few techniques (out of the many thousands in self-help books) that I have been able to successfully change somatic markers with. (Not that I’ve tested ALL of them yet, not by a long shot. And I only bother testing new ones when they have potential to be faster to use or easier to teach or cover a different kind of problem than the ones in my current toolbox.)
Happy self-experimentation. ;-)
In the middle of some useful task, I have more than once said to myself: “I am not hearing any crap about how I never get around to anything, because however true it might be at any other time, I am doing something useful right now. Anything that needs to be said about the need to do things will have to wait for a time when I’m not doing things!” This works very well for me.
Thank you for your thoughtful response. As it happens, I disagree with your premise that the negative emotion of the incomplete assignment is almost certainly what makes me procrastinate. Yes, that’s a potential factor, but only one of many. For example, there’s the difference between anticipated and actual difficulty of performing a procrastinated task progress.
But in the the spirit of rationality, I will give your suggestions a fair trial. You are absolutely correct that the most effective way to figure out what works is to use the scientific approach—design an experiment to test the hypothesis, test, assess the results, and go from there.
In this case, the hypothesis I bet on is:
You will identify a specific set of physical behaviors (muscle tension changes, viscera sensations, etc.) that accompany the thought
These behaviors are preceded by some mental representation (however brief) of some expected result—such as being yelled at for not finishing the task, or some other social status-impacting event that could come about as a result of failing to complete it successfully or failing to complete it at all
Identifying and changing the thought process that led to creating and caching the expected outcome, will result in the cached thought going away, and possibly taking the somatic marker with it, or at least diminishing it in intensity. If the somatic marker remains or is replaced by a new one, there will be a new cached thought that goes with it.
There are exceptions to this pattern; some somatic markers are straight-up conditioning (i.e., there’s no cached predictive thought in play—the marker is directly tied to the initial thought), and some are rooted in what I call “holes in the soul”—a compulsion to fulfill an emotional need that’s not being otherwise met. But most chronic procrastination in my experience follows the “main sequence” I’ve outlined above.
I used to waste a LOT of time helping people get over the “effort” they perceived associated with doing things… only to find out that it was 99% anosognosia—misdirected explanations of the pain.
If we don’t feel pushed to do something in the first place, then we don’t usually experience the time spent as being effortful. So nowadays, I get results a lot faster by focusing on eliminating a handful of feelings associated with NOT doing the task, than the seemingly infinite number of new complaints people can generate about DOING the task.
I really like pbjeby’s advice and I think it applies to many types of procrastinating where we have negative feelings associated with the future task (which we can make worse through classical conditioning); the only part of his post I disagree with is his reduction of Mike’s problem to negative emotion about the incomplete task. I agree with Mike that pleasure in our current activity can also be a part of procrastination, not just displeasure about the future task.
For instance, I often have trouble stopping reading in order to do incomplete work, but I also have trouble stopping reading to make myself go to bed, even when I’m tired. Now, I enjoy sleeping, and I don’t feel negative emotion about it: I just take even more pleasure in reading. Yet, my goal was to go to bed on time.
It can be… but rarely is in people who suffer from chronic procrastination. Usually, they don’t enjoy the thing they’re using as an escape. And I’m not aware of anybody who goes out of their way to do something they REALLY enjoy when they’re procrastinating. Usually, they go for mind-numbing distraction rather than true involvement or enjoyment.
For the most part, this is one of those areas where trusting your rational mind will lead you astray, because it’s just telling you rational lies. It doesn’t know what’s actually going on, and so just makes up believable stories—“that terrible LessWrong.com site tempted me and made me avoid my work...”
And this is especially likely to be the case if you’re also ashamed of the bad feelings you have about the task...
Quite so… but that’s not something I think of as procrastination. It might be akrasia, but if you told that story to a “real” procrastinator, they might find it insulting.
One reason I’m a bit passionate about this, is that while the things you’re saying may be true for you, they are not true for chronic procrastination, and not what a procrastinator needs to hear in order to get better. It’s akin to telling an alcoholic that lots of people can handle their liquor. It might be possible to teach the alcoholic to handle their liquor, but that’s definitely not the first order of business: detoxification is.
Negative emotions (and “seriousness” in most forms) are to a procrastinator what alcohol is to an alcoholic: a drug addiction with serious real-life impact.
(Really, it’s only been in the last few weeks that it’s even occurred to me myself that negative emotions and seriousness have some practical uses, once you’re no longer addicted to them. And I’m still trying to get used to the idea, because I’ve spent the last year and a half or so trying to eradicate them from my life.)
Here’s my current interpretation of where pleasure in the current activity comes into it for me: I would play a computer game, which I think should be pleasurable, and used to be, but feel guilty about procrastinating about something else, so I didn’t enjoy it as much, or perhaps at all.
If I think about stopping before I’ve gotten the expected enjoyment, that is unpleasant, so I would avoid stopping or thinking about stopping. I would stop eventually and feel bad about having wasted so much time.
It’s not so much that that I picked a game was inherently mind-numbing or unenjoyable, but that I turned it into something mind-numbing because I was avoiding these unpleasant thoughts.