[Question] The Crux of Understanding Written Text—Text reading and inference

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What are the neural/​brain faculties in humans which enable us to read and understand text/​messages/​thoughts of others by reading and unconsciously processing them whilst inferring their meaning from what we already know ? (knowledge of the language being processed, the usual/​generic meaning of its words as well as the point of the question/​topic is understood)

Especially poetry, adages “Little strokes fell great oaks.” and useful and insightful texts which doesn’t actually state/​give direct and blunt advice in the spirit of “Do not overthink every decision or move you make, both in everyday tasks and specific projects , just do it with full force and witness/​bear the results.” kind of advice versus something like this—Gödel’s Legacy: A game without end. That is, how do you (fellow humans, don’t know about ML NLP or whichever way machines use to understand human-generated text) understand what I am asking you despite me not being more direct or cryptic with my written request?

Thanks!

Edit: Changed the title from “The Crux of Intelligence and Understanding—Text reading and inference” to “The Crux of Understanding Written Text—Text reading and inference” ← I do think this ability alone is the most advanced faculty of learning about the world in general and thinking about it with goal-seeking motivation in mind is the pinnacle of human ability and intelligence. Feel free to correct me/​criticize me if I am overstating or if this kind of thoughts generally get on your nerves. :)